Transforming growth factor-β activates c-Myc to promote palatal growth.

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry
Xiujuan ZhuAli Nawshad

Abstract

During palatogenesis, the palatal mesenchyme undergoes increased cell proliferation resulting in palatal growth, elevation and fusion of the two palatal shelves. Interestingly, the palatal mesenchyme expresses all three transforming growth factor (TGF) β isoforms (1, 2, and 3) throughout these steps of palatogenesis. However, the role of TGFβ in promoting proliferation of palatal mesenchymal cells has never been explored. The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of TGFβ on human embryonic palatal mesenchymal (HEPM) cell proliferation. Our results showed that all isoforms of TGFβ, especially TGFβ3, increased HEPM cell proliferation by up-regulating the expression of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases as well as c-Myc oncogene. TGFβ activated both Smad-dependent and Smad-independent pathways to induce c-Myc gene expression. Furthermore, TBE1 is the only functional Smad binding element (SBE) in the c-Myc promoter and Smad4, activated by TGFβ, binds to the TBE1 to induce c-Myc gene activity. We conclude that HEPM proliferation is manifested by the induction of c-Myc in response to TGFβ signaling, which is essential for complete palatal confluency. Our data highlights the potential role of TGFβ as a therapeutic molecul...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 22, 2015·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Maria J SerranoM Douglas Benson
Dec 6, 2014·Birth Defects Research. Part B, Developmental and Reproductive Toxicology·Xiaozhuan LiuZengli Yu
Sep 2, 2014·International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology·C François-FiquetM Doco-Fenzy
Oct 30, 2016·Acta Biochimica Et Biophysica Sinica·Dan OuyangYugu Li
Nov 2, 2014·Journal of Cellular Physiology·Lihua HuAli Nawshad
Aug 10, 2017·International Journal of Molecular Medicine·Zechuan ZhangGuangfan Chi
Dec 6, 2019·Thorax·Javier MilaraJulio Cortijo
Dec 13, 2016·Science·Mingqi XieMartin Fussenegger
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Mar 12, 2019·Dose-response : a Publication of International Hormesis Society·Liyun GaoJia Cao
Sep 12, 2020·Scientific Reports·J LiuA Nawshad
Oct 14, 2014·The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice·Leonardo Santos AntunesErika Calvano Küchler

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