Transforming growth factor beta stimulates the human immunodeficiency virus 1 enhancer and requires NF-kappaB activity.

Molecular and Cellular Biology
J M LiX F Wang

Abstract

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) is the prototype of a large superfamily of signaling molecules involved in the regulation of cell growth and differentiation. In certain patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1), increased levels of TGF-beta promoted the production of virus and also impaired the host immune system. In an effort to understand the signaling events linking TGF-beta action and HIV production, we show here that TGF-beta can stimulate transcription from the HIV-1 long terminal repeat (LTR) promoter through NF-kappaB binding sites in both HaCaT and 300.19 pre-B cells. When introduced into a minimal promoter, NF-kappaB binding sites supported nearly 30-fold activation from the luciferase reporter upon TGF-beta treatment. Electrophoretic mobility shift assay indicated that a major factor binding to the NF-kappaB site is the p50-p65 heterodimeric NF-kappaB in HaCaT cells. Coexpression of Gal4-p65 chimeric proteins supported TGF-beta ligand-dependent gene expression from a luciferase reporter gene driven by Gal4 DNA binding sites. NF-kappaB activity present in HaCaT cells was not affected by TGF-beta treatment as judged by the unchanged DNA binding activity and concentrations of p50 and ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jan 5, 2002·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Dorry L SegevShyamala Maheswaran
Mar 22, 2005·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Kathryn S JonesFrancis W Ruscetti
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Apr 8, 2014·American Journal of Reproductive Immunology : AJRI·Gustavo F DoncelIrina Zalenskaya
May 22, 2003·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Fan YangCun-Yu Wang
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Nov 14, 2014·Nucleic Acids Research·Peng LiZhengfang Yi
May 16, 2007·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Whitney S HelmsLishan Su
Aug 20, 2011·American Journal of Respiratory Cell and Molecular Biology·James V FalvoAnne E Goldfeld
Nov 15, 2001·Pharmacology & Therapeutics·J Yue, K M Mulder

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