Transgender Policy in Sport, A Review of Current Policy and Commentary of the Challenges of Policy Creation

Current Sports Medicine Reports
Benjamin James Ingram, Connie Lynn Thomas

Abstract

This review starts with a brief history of sex policy in sport followed by an exploration of the current state of transgender sport policies. Transgender in sport, from the high school to the professional level, is a frequent news topic. Fairness in women's athletics is at the center of transgender sport policy deliberations and public debate. Despite a long history of policy attempts and revisions, the female category in sport is not precisely and universally established, complicating transgender athlete policy development. Scientific evidence is scant on fairness for transgender athletes. For a variety of social factors, many transgender athletes do not have a positive experience in sports and the younger is the athlete the more challenging it becomes to create inclusive rules. Challenges remain in making competition rules fair, but inclusive, so that transgender athletes participate in sport. The medical and scientific community will continue to provide key input.

References

Oct 13, 2004·European Journal of Endocrinology·Louis J G Gooren, Mathijs C M Bunck
Feb 3, 2016·Clinics in Sports Medicine·Silvia Camporesi
Nov 15, 2016·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Yannis PitsiladisFabio Pigozzi
Jan 10, 2017·Current Sports Medicine Reports·Myron Genel
Sep 26, 2017·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Wylie C HembreeGuy G T'Sjoen
Oct 28, 2017·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Alan D Rogol, Lindsay Parks Pieper

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Dec 1, 2020·The Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. American Volume·Duncan C RamseyZachary M Working
Aug 3, 2021·Frontiers in Sports and Active Living·Allie Reynolds, Alireza Hamidian Jahromi
Jul 16, 2021·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Shalender BhasinNicholas A Ratamess

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.

Related Papers

Wisconsin Medical Journal
J H Lamont
Hormone Research in Pædiatrics
Alan D Rogol, Lindsay Parks Pieper
Münchener medizinische Wochenschrift
H MIES
California State Journal of Medicine
Joint Commission Perspectives
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations
© 2021 Meta ULC. All rights reserved