Transglutaminase 2 induces nitric oxide synthesis in BV-2 microglia

Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
Key Chung ParkSoo-Youl Kim

Abstract

A hallmark of brain inflammation is the activation of microglia. Excessive production of nitric oxide (NO), as a consequence of increased inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in glia, contributes to neurodegeneration. Transglutaminase 2 (TGase 2) is a cross-linking enzyme, which is increased in neurodegeneration. TGase 2 is also considered to be a useful and reliable marker for activation levels in resident and inflammatory macrophages. Therefore, an increase of TGase 2 expression may contribute to activation of microglia. To test this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of TGase 2 in BV-2 microglia activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Total TGase activity was increased about 5-fold after 24h exposure to LPS. The increase of NO synthesis is correlated with increase of TGase 2 expression. Secretion of NO was reduced between 40 and 80% by TGase inhibition in a dose-dependent manner. This suggests that TGase 2 appears to control iNOS transcription.

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Citations

Jul 2, 2009·Inflammation Research : Official Journal of the European Histamine Research Society ... [et Al.]·Kelley C LarsonMichael P Draper
Apr 8, 2010·Journal of Leukocyte Biology·Ivana MaticMauro Piacentini
Feb 18, 2010·Future Neurology·Thomas M JeitnerArthur Jl Cooper
May 7, 2009·Journal of Neurochemistry·Thomas M JeitnerArthur J L Cooper
Nov 16, 2014·Amino Acids·Riccardo IentileDaniela Caccamo
Feb 17, 2010·Korean Journal of Ophthalmology : KJO·Joonhong SohnJune-Gone Kim
Oct 9, 2004·The Journal of Biological Chemistry·Jongmin LeeSoo-Youl Kim
Feb 6, 2008·The Journal of Immunology : Official Journal of the American Association of Immunologists·Laura FalascaMauro Piacentini

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