Transmission Dynamics of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus A(H5Nx) Clade 2.3.4.4, North America, 2014-2015

Emerging Infectious Diseases
Dong-Hun LeeDavid E Swayne

Abstract

Eurasia highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) H5 clade 2.3.4.4 emerged in North America at the end of 2014 and caused outbreaks affecting >50 million poultry in the United States before eradication in June 2015. We investigated the underlying ecologic and epidemiologic processes associated with this viral spread by performing a comparative genomic study using 268 full-length genome sequences and data from outbreak investigations. Reassortant HPAIV H5N2 circulated in wild birds along the Pacific flyway before several spillover events transmitting the virus to poultry farms. Our analysis suggests that >3 separate introductions of HPAIV H5N2 into Midwest states occurred during March-June 2015; transmission to Midwest poultry farms from Pacific wild birds occurred ≈1.7-2.4 months before detection. Once established in poultry, the virus rapidly spread between turkey and chicken farms in neighboring states. Enhanced biosecurity is required to prevent the introduction and dissemination of HPAIV across the poultry industry.

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Citations

Mar 7, 2020·Reviews in Medical Virology·Reina YamajiWenqing Zhang
Sep 24, 2020·Transboundary and Emerging Diseases·Jacqueline KingAnne Pohlmann
May 6, 2019·Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences·Samantha J LycettPaul Digard
Aug 10, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Samantha J LycettUNKNOWN Global Consortium for H5N8 and Related Influenza Viruses
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Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Andrea J AyalaSonia M Hernandez
Dec 4, 2020·Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·Mohammed A RohaimMuhammad Munir

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