Treating patients with ALK-positive non-small cell lung cancer: latest evidence and management strategy

Therapeutic Advances in Medical Oncology
Bin-Chi LiaoJames Chih-Hsin Yang

Abstract

Rearrangements in anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene and echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 (EML4) gene were first described in a small portion of patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in 2007. Fluorescence in situ hybridization is used as the diagnostic test for detecting an EML4-ALK rearrangement. Crizotinib, an ALK inhibitor, is effective in treating advanced ALK-positive NSCLC, and the US Food and Drug Administration approved it for treating ALK-positive NSCLC in 2011. Several mechanisms of acquired resistance to crizotinib have recently been reported. Second-generation ALK inhibitors were designed to overcome these resistance mechanisms. Two of them, ceritinib and alectinib, were approved in 2014 for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC in the US and Japan, respectively. Heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) inhibitors also showed activity against ALK-positive NSCLC. Here we review the recent development of crizotinib, ceritinib, alectinib and other second-generation ALK inhibitors as well as Hsp90 inhibitors. We also discuss management strategies for advanced ALK-positive NSCLC.

References

May 1, 2004·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Nasser HannaPaul A Bunn
Sep 22, 2005·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Luke Whitesell, Susan L Lindquist
Dec 23, 2006·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Anna V GalkinMarkus Warmuth
Jan 2, 2008·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Kentaro InamuraYuichi Ishikawa
Jul 3, 2008·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Jussi P KoivunenPasi A Jänne
Dec 10, 2008·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Manabu SodaHiroyuki Mano
Jan 27, 2009·Cancer·Daisy Wing-Sze WongUNKNOWN University of Hong Kong Lung Cancer Study Group
Feb 24, 2009·Modern Pathology : an Official Journal of the United States and Canadian Academy of Pathology, Inc·Kentaro InamuraYuichi Ishikawa
Apr 23, 2009·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Kengo TakeuchiHiroyuki Mano
Aug 12, 2009·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Alice T ShawA John Iafrate
Aug 13, 2009·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Scott J RodigLucian R Chirieac
Aug 21, 2009·The New England Journal of Medicine·Tony S MokMasahiro Fukuoka
Jun 25, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Makoto MaemondoUNKNOWN North-East Japan Study Group
Jul 24, 2010·Nature Reviews. Cancer·Jane TrepelLen Neckers
Oct 14, 2010·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Lecia V SequistRonald Natale
Oct 29, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Eunice L KwakA John Iafrate
Oct 29, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Young Lim ChoiUNKNOWN ALK Lung Cancer Study Group
Feb 1, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Eunhee S YiPing Yang
Feb 22, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·D Ross CamidgeRobert C Doebele
May 31, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Sai-Hong Ignatius OuA John Iafrate
Jun 7, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Jeong-Ok LeeYung-Jue Bang
Nov 1, 2011·Chemical Biology & Drug Design·Sen ZhangVictor M Rivera
Nov 18, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Sai-Hong Ignatius OuJonathan A Stiber
Nov 30, 2011·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Shang-Gin WuPan-Chyr Yang
Jan 5, 2012·Journal of Clinical Oncology : Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology·Kristin BergethonA John Iafrate
Jan 5, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Len Neckers, Paul Workman
Jan 10, 2012·Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry·Kazutomo KinoshitaNobuhiro Oikawa
Jan 12, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Robert C DoebeleD Ross Camidge
Jan 27, 2012·Science Translational Medicine·Ryohei KatayamaJeffrey A Engelman
Feb 11, 2012·Science Translational Medicine·Christine M Lovly, William Pao
Feb 16, 2012·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Daniel B Costa, Susumu Kobayashi
Apr 3, 2012·Lung Cancer : Journal of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Heae Surng ParkDae Seog Heo
May 4, 2012·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Tadaaki YamadaSeiji Yano
May 24, 2012·Journal of Thoracic Oncology : Official Publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer·Hiroyuki YasudaDaniel B Costa

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 4, 2015·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Robert Roskoski
Mar 24, 2016·Cancer Biomarkers : Section a of Disease Markers·Ruihua ZhaoHong Zong
May 6, 2016·Expert Review of Respiratory Medicine·Mariacarmela SantarpiaRafael Rosell
Jun 22, 2016·Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy·Mazen ZaarourTerenig Terjanian
Nov 4, 2016·Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy·Srividya SrinivasamaharajCesar A Perez
Jul 26, 2018·Oncotarget·Isa MambetsarievRavi Salgia
Jan 6, 2017·Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·M DrizouN Syrigos

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
biopsy
xenograft
biopsies

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT01685060
NCT01685138
NCT01871805
NCT01449461
NCT01998126
NCT02134912
NCT01401504
NCT01970865
NCT02048488
NCT02097810

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.