Treatment efficiency of a hybrid constructed wetland system for municipal wastewater and its suitability for crop irrigation

International Journal of Phytoremediation
Zeshan AliRiffat Naseem Malik

Abstract

Design and implementation of wastewater treatment is inevitable due to toxic effects of wastewater irrigation on crops, soil and human health. Current investigation is the pioneer attempt on full-scale hybrid constructed wetland system (HCWS) built for municipal wastewater treatment from Pakistan. HCWS was comprised of vertical sub-surface flow constructed wetland (VSSF-CW) and five phyto-treatment ponds connected in series. Higher environmental risk was associated with untreated municipal wastewater usage in irrigation as estimated through discharge of metals to recipient soils. Treatment efficiency percentages recorded for HCWS reclaimed water quality parameters were, i.e., EC (56.68), TDS (56.86), alkalinity (39.67), chloride (39.68), sulfate (46.73), Na (28.80), Mn (65.24), Cr (78.07), Ni (81.02), BOD (68.74), total hardness (19.56), Fe (70.09), phosphate (55.40), Pb (80.48), COD (63.64), Mg (17.24), K (60.05), Co (100), Cu (67.73), Zn (59.97), Cd (100), and Ca (21.47) respectively. Wastewater treatment in HCWS was due to aquatic plants [Phragmites australis Cav. Trin. ex Steud., Canna indica L. Typha latifolia L., and Hydrocotyle umbellata L.], microbial activities and substrate based wetland processes. The HCWS treated wa...Continue Reading

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Jun 11, 2014·International Journal of Phytoremediation·Mudassar FaridBarkat Ali
Mar 24, 2016·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Summya NazeerRiffat Naseem Malik

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Citations

Jan 24, 2020·International Journal of Phytoremediation·Anudeep NemaRobin A Christian
Dec 5, 2019·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Carlos NakaseLuis Sandoval
Jun 16, 2021·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Sandeep K MalyanRajesh Singh
Oct 2, 2021·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Vandana PatyalKanchan Khare

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