Abstract
Patients with diabetes mellitus have an increased risk for coronary artery disease due to hyperglycemia, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other risk factors. The diabetic dyslipidemia in these patients is characterized by moderately high levels of (1) serum cholesterol and triglycerides; (2) small, dense low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles; and (3) low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cho-lesterol concentrations. Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the benefits of cholesterol-lowering therapy in both diabetic and nondiabetic patients, thus supporting aggressive treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia for coronary artery disease prevention. A 3-step approach is recommended for the treatment of diabetic dyslipidemia. First, modification of diet and lifestyle, including decreased intakes of cholesterol, cholesterol-raising fats, and total energy, and increased physical activity should be advised. Second, good glycemic control should be achieved with diet and hypoglycemic drugs, if needed. Third, lipid-lowering drugs should be used, if necessary. Non-HDL cholesterol levels, which include both very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and LDL cholesterol, should be the target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. The use of 3-hydroxy-3-methyl...Continue Reading
References
May 1, 1979·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·J ShepherdO D Taunton
Jan 27, 1975·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
Oct 1, 1975·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·J D BrunzellE L Bierman
Mar 1, 1991·The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition·S NozakiS M Grundy
Feb 1, 1990·Diabetes Care·A Garg, S M Grundy
Aug 8, 1990·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·A Garg, S M Grundy
May 1, 1989·Diabetes·S E KahnD Porte
Apr 1, 1989·Diabetes Care·K E FridayJ W Ensinck
Mar 1, 1989·Diabetes·A Garg, S M Grundy
May 1, 1988·Annals of Internal Medicine·H GlauberG Brechtel
Jul 7, 1988·The New England Journal of Medicine·S M Grundy
Jan 14, 1988·The New England Journal of Medicine·A Garg, S M Grundy
Dec 1, 1986·Journal of the American College of Cardiology·P L CannerW Friedewald
Feb 1, 1987·Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental·G M Reaven
May 1, 1985·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·K SakuM L Kashyap
Jan 20, 1984·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
Jul 1, 1983·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·D W BilheimerJ L Goldstein
Jul 1, 1984·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·P J NestelR Boston
Jan 30, 1995·American Journal of Medical Genetics·L S SadlerM E Msall
Aug 15, 1994·Annals of Internal Medicine·D R GrayM L Kashyap
Sep 15, 1994·Annals of Internal Medicine·A Garg, S M Grundy
Jun 16, 1993·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association
Oct 1, 1995·Internal Medicine·N Takeda
Oct 3, 1996·The New England Journal of Medicine·F M SacksE Braunwald
Dec 15, 1996·Circulation·J T Willerson
Apr 1, 1997·Diabetes Care·K PyŏräläG Thorgeirsson
Citations
Apr 20, 2001·Patient Education and Counseling·M DanielL W Green
Nov 1, 2012·Lipids in Health and Disease·Charles J GlueckPing Wang
Mar 6, 2007·Diabetologia·S M GoldA Convit
Dec 4, 2003·Atherosclerosis·Sandra A SchreyerRenée C LeBoeuf
Oct 16, 2012·Current Cardiology Reports·W M Monique Verschuren
Jul 18, 2001·Journal of Diabetes and Its Complications·J A PapadakisD P Mikhailidis
Nov 13, 2001·Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism·D C FelmedenG Beevers
Jan 25, 2011·Cardiology Clinics·Sundararajan Srikanth, Prakash Deedwania
Jan 20, 2009·Heart & Lung : the Journal of Critical Care·Xingang ZhangYingxian Sun
Mar 14, 2014·Global Change Biology·Balathandayuthabani Panneer SelvamDavid Bastviken
Oct 29, 2000·The American Journal of Cardiology·C M AlexanderS M Teutsch
Feb 8, 2005·Cardiology Clinics·Sundararajan Srikanth, Prakash Deedwania
Dec 25, 2003·Primary Care·Nancy J Rennert, Pamela Charney
Mar 23, 2000·American Journal of Human Genetics·R DuggiralaM P Stern
Oct 27, 2001·Diabetes·S A SchreyerR C LeBoeuf
Jan 29, 2002·Diabetes·S C Elbein, S J Hasstedt
Nov 25, 2004·Diabetes Care·Linda C TapsellMeredith Kennedy
Jul 25, 2003·Diabetes/metabolism Research and Reviews·Steven M Haffner
Jan 20, 2004·American Journal of Cardiovascular Drugs : Drugs, Devices, and Other Interventions·Odd E Johansen, Kåre I Birkeland
Feb 24, 2001·Current Opinion in Cardiology·J Plutzky
Jul 27, 2001·Diabetes Technology & Therapeutics·A O Marcus
Feb 1, 2000·The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing·C Lamendola
Nov 6, 2001·Drugs·H S Malhotra, K L Goa
Feb 1, 2000·The Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing·M Gulanick, L A Cofer
Jan 5, 2002·Current Atherosclerosis Reports·Ouliana ZiouzenkovaJorge Plutzky