Treatment of glabellar lines with botulinum toxin type A (Speywood Unit): a clinical overview

Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV
Berthold RzanyGd Monheit

Abstract

Azzalure (Galderma) is a newly approved European botulinum neurotoxin type A (BoNT-A) specifically designed for aesthetic usages. It is sourced from Dysport (Ipsen Ltd.), which has a 20-year product consistency and has been used widely for various therapeutic and aesthetic applications. Azzalure and Dysport are collectively referred to as BoNT-A (Speywood Unit; s.U) (or abobotulinumtoxinA in the U.S.) after their biological activity unit, which is unique and not interchangeable with units of other commercial BoNT-A preparations. Azzalure is approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe glabellar lines, with a total dose of 50 s.U distributed evenly among 5 injection points. To ensure optimal treatment outcomes with BoNT-A (s.U), it is crucial for injectors to adopt proper methods of reconstitution and injection, which can be acquired through training. We review here the method of reconstitution for BoNT-A (s.U), as well as the injection dose, points and techniques for glabellar line treatment. We also review the efficacy and safety results of BoNT-A (s.U) demonstrated in 11 clinical studies, most of which were randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled. The studies included assessments after single injections as well as...Continue Reading

References

Jul 1, 1998·Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry·S JitpimolmardM Laopaiboon
Jun 14, 2002·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·J Alastair CarruthersUNKNOWN BOTOX Glabellar Lines I Study Group
Aug 23, 2003·The British Journal of Dermatology·P HoneckUNKNOWN Gladys study group
Sep 16, 2003·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Jean D CarruthersUNKNOWN Botox Glabellar Lines II Study Group
Aug 1, 1953·Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics·J WAGMAN, J B BATEMAN
Mar 17, 2004·Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society·Peter HaussermannAndres Ceballos-Baumann
Aug 26, 2006·Current Opinion in Ophthalmology·Eric R Crouch
Jan 24, 2007·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Berthold RzanyUNKNOWN German-Austrian Retrospective Study Group
Jan 24, 2007·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Ada R Trindade de AlmeidaRosana Boraso
Jan 24, 2007·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Gary MonheitRhonda Rand
Sep 1, 2007·Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy : Official Publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology·Jean Carruthers, Alastair Carruthers
Sep 7, 2007·Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery·Maurício de Maio, Ricardo Ferreira Bento
Jun 24, 2008·Journal of Cosmetic and Laser Therapy : Official Publication of the European Society for Laser Dermatology·Koen de Boulle
Jan 17, 2009·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·B RichertM de la Brassinne
Mar 3, 2009·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Pearl E Grimes, Dwana Shabazz
Mar 18, 2009·Archives of Facial Plastic Surgery·Ronald MoyUNKNOWN Reloxin Investigational Group
Apr 1, 2009·Toxicon : Official Journal of the International Society on Toxinology·Andy Pickett
Jul 1, 2005·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Benjamin AscherJosé Santini
Apr 15, 2009·European Neurology·Stauros Koussoulakos
May 27, 2009·Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology·Alastair Carruthers, Jean Carruthers
Oct 15, 2009·Anaesthesia·L Anderson

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 11, 2013·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Chong H WonChang H Huh
Dec 17, 2014·Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology : JEADV·B MolinaN Kerrouche
Mar 8, 2013·Dermato-endocrinology·Ruta GancevicieneChristos C Zouboulis
Apr 8, 2017·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Joel L Cohen, Nicolo Scuderi
Jul 30, 2019·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Gary D MonheitRebecca Down
Oct 9, 2019·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Hugues CartierPhilippe Kestemont
Nov 30, 2019·American Journal of Clinical Dermatology·Edith Hanna, Kucy Pon
Dec 1, 2015·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Beatriz MolinaDominique Boineau
Sep 13, 2011·Aesthetic Surgery Journal·Jun Hyung KimDavid W Chang
Jan 23, 2015·Der Hautarzt; Zeitschrift für Dermatologie, Venerologie, und verwandte Gebiete·O P KreydenUNKNOWN Swiss Group of Esthetic Dermatology and Skincare (SGEDS)
Oct 1, 2013·Journal der Deutschen Dermatologischen Gesellschaft = Journal of the German Society of Dermatology : JDDG·Matthias ImhofUNKNOWN German Society for Dermatology
Dec 1, 2017·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Taylor Petrie, Fhionna Moore
Feb 5, 2021·Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology·Rémi Foissac, Marc J Benatar
Nov 10, 2020·Dermatologic Surgery : Official Publication for American Society for Dermatologic Surgery [et Al.]·Joel SchlessingerMatthew Meckfessel

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.