Treatment of perfluoroalkyl acids by heat-activated persulfate under conditions representative of in situ chemical oxidation

Chemosphere
Thomas A Bruton, David L Sedlak

Abstract

Perfluoroalkyl acids (PFAAs) are a class of organic contaminants notable for their extreme persistence. The unique chemical properties of these compounds make them difficult to remove from water using most standard water treatment techniques. To gain insight into the possibility of remediating contaminated groundwater by in situ chemical oxidation with heat-activated persulfate, PFAA removal and the generation of transformation products were evaluated under laboratory conditions. Solution pH had a strong influence on the removal of perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), resulting in its transformation into shorter-chain perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs) at pH values below 3. The presence of chloride and aquifer sediments decreased the efficiency of the process by less than 25% under conditions likely to be encountered in drinking water aquifers. Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS) was not transformed by heat-activated persulfate under any of the conditions tested. Despite challenges related to the need to manipulate aquifer pH, the possible generation of undesirable short-chain PFCAs and chlorate, and metals mobilization, heat-activated persulfate may be a useful treatment technology for sites contaminated with PFCAs and fluorotelomer...Continue Reading

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Citations

Mar 7, 2020·Environmental Science. Processes & Impacts·Clara M A Eichler, John C Little
Feb 9, 2020·Environmental Science and Pollution Research International·Saerom ParkJake Hurst
May 7, 2021·Journal of Hazardous Materials·Bentuo XuWenhui Qiu
Jul 7, 2021·Environmental Science & Technology·Marzieh ShojaeiJennifer Guelfo
Dec 18, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Lin QianAnett Georgi
Feb 16, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology·Raj Kamal SinghThomas M Holsen
Feb 18, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Jaesang LeeJae-Hong Kim
Feb 18, 2020·Environmental Science & Technology·Yanyan ZhangSubhasis Ghoshal
Dec 3, 2021·Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation·Naomi Gevaerd de SouzaHyeok Choi

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