Treatment of refractory status epilepticus with pentobarbital, propofol, or midazolam: a systematic review

Epilepsia
Jan ClaassenStephan A Mayer

Abstract

New continuous infusion antiepileptic drugs (cIV-AEDs) offer alternatives to pentobarbital for the treatment of refractory status epilepticus (RSE). However, no prospective randomized studies have evaluated the treatment of RSE. This systematic review compares the efficacy of midazolam (MDL), propofol (PRO), and pentobarbital (PTB) for terminating seizures and improving outcome in RSE patients. We performed a literature search of studies describing the use of MDL, PRO, or PTB for the treatment of RSE published between January 1970 and September 2001, by using MEDLINE, OVID, and manually searched bibliographies. We included peer-reviewed studies of adult patients with SE refractory to at least two standard AEDs. Main outcome measures were the frequency of immediate treatment failure (clinical or electrographic seizures occurring 1 to 6 h after starting cIV-AED therapy) and mortality according to choice of agent and titration goal (cIV-AED titration to "seizure suppression" versus "EEG background suppression"). Twenty-eight studies describing a total of 193 patients fulfilled our selection criteria: MDL (n = 54), PRO (n = 33), and PTB (n = 106). Forty-eight percent of patients died, and mortality was not significantly associated ...Continue Reading

References

Apr 1, 1992·Critical Care Medicine·A Kumar, T P Bleck
Nov 1, 1990·Anaesthesia·C R Chilvers, P S Laurie
Dec 1, 1990·Anaesthesia·S J MackenzieI S Grant
Nov 1, 1989·Clinical Pharmacokinetics·J Kanto, E Gepts
Jun 1, 1988·Anaesthesia·H F Yanny, D Christmas
Mar 1, 1987·Neurology·M C RashkinP Penovich
Oct 1, 1985·Critical Care Medicine·W A KnausJ E Zimmerman
Mar 18, 1983·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·I E LeppikB Patrick
Jan 1, 1983·Folia Psychiatrica Et Neurologica Japonica·S KanekoR G Hill
Nov 1, 1980·The Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences. Le Journal Canadien Des Sciences Neurologiques·G B YoungK G Warren
Nov 1, 1980·The American Journal of Medicine·M J Aminoff, R P Simon
Feb 1, 1995·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·K S MerigianK V Leeper
Jun 1, 1995·Seizure : the Journal of the British Epilepsy Association·M C de KromJ H De Groen
Nov 1, 1994·Intensive Care Medicine·P HantsonP Mahieu
Mar 1, 1994·Anesthesiology·A BorgeatP M Suter
Jan 1, 1994·Epilepsia·A R TowneR J DeLorenzo
Jul 1, 1993·Critical Care Medicine·T P Bleck
Mar 1, 1993·Neurology·D H Lowenstein, B K Alldredge
Jan 1, 1993·Epilepsia·R E Ramsay
Feb 1, 1996·Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine·J S Huff, T P Bleck
Oct 23, 1996·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·J C CappelleriJ Lau
Dec 1, 1996·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·D Denzel, A H Burstein
Mar 1, 1997·Annals of Internal Medicine·C D MulrowF Davidoff
Aug 21, 1997·The New England Journal of Medicine·J LeLorierF Derderian
Apr 2, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·D H Lowenstein, B K Alldredge
May 13, 1998·Epilepsia·G LogroscinoW A Hauser
Aug 8, 1998·The New England Journal of Medicine·R M Walls, M J Sagarin
Oct 30, 1998·The Annals of Pharmacotherapy·L A Brown, G M Levin
Jan 23, 1999·Clinical Therapeutics·D F Hanley, J F Kross
May 18, 1999·Pediatric Neurology·G L Holmes, J J Riviello

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Jan 2, 2003·Annals of Neurology·James R TooleyMarianne Thoresen
Aug 23, 2006·Der Nervenarzt·F BösebeckC Kellinghaus
Nov 13, 2009·Intensive Care Medicine·Michael Piagnerelli, Benjamin Legros
May 9, 2013·Intensive Care Medicine·Jan ClaassenUNKNOWN Neurointensive Care Section of the European Society of Intensive Care Medicine
Apr 13, 2006·Journal of Neurology·Martin KöhrmannStefan Schwab
Sep 5, 2008·Journal of Neurology·Andrea O RossettiEdward B Bromfield
Apr 19, 2011·Journal of Neurology·Chul Hyoung Lyoo, Myung Sik Lee
Oct 15, 2013·Journal of Neurology·Estevo SantamarinaXavier Salas Puig Xavier Salas Puig
Jun 5, 2002·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Lawrence J Hirsch, Jan Claassen
Oct 3, 2002·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Jan Claassen, Stephan A Mayer
Aug 22, 2003·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Anil Mendiratta
Nov 15, 2007·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Megan Selvitelli, Frank W Drislane
Oct 13, 2009·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Panayiotis N Varelas, Marek A Mirski
Dec 22, 2010·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·John M Schreiber, William D Gaillard
Jun 2, 2012·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Jeffrey D Kennedy, Elizabeth E Gerard
May 18, 2013·Current Neurology and Neuroscience Reports·Panayiotis N VarelasMarek A Mirski
May 31, 2002·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Elizabeth J. Waterhouse
Mar 12, 2003·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Stephan J. Rüegg, Marc A. Dichter
Sep 16, 2010·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Andrea O Rossetti
Jul 16, 2013·Current Treatment Options in Neurology·Carla Lopinto-Khoury, Michael R Sperling
Feb 8, 2008·Neurocritical Care·Panayiotis N Varelas
Feb 14, 2008·Neurocritical Care·Kathleen A Bledsoe, Andreas H Kramer
Apr 17, 2008·Neurocritical Care·Jesse J CorryMichael N Diringer
Nov 27, 2008·Neurocritical Care·Carlo CeredaAndrea O Rossetti
Sep 30, 2010·Neurocritical Care·Andrea O RossettiJong Woo Lee
Jan 13, 2012·Neurocritical Care·Andreas H Kramer
Apr 25, 2012·Neurocritical Care·Gretchen M BrophyUNKNOWN Neurocritical Care Society Status Epilepticus Guideline Writing Committee
Sep 8, 2012·Neurocritical Care·Jan ClaassenWade S Smith
Oct 16, 2012·Neurocritical Care·Matthew FergusonM Brandon Westover
Jul 3, 2013·Neurocritical Care·Leena KämppiSeppo Soinila
Jan 12, 2012·Neurotherapeutics : the Journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics·Eric S Rosenthal
Mar 23, 2004·European Journal of Pharmacology·George HsiaoJoen-Rong Sheu
Aug 16, 2003·Epilepsia·Martin HoltkampHartmut Meierkord
Dec 31, 2010·The New England Journal of Medicine·Emery N BrownNicholas D Schiff
Mar 6, 2004·Journal of Palliative Medicine·Mary GolfMary Mulcahy
Jul 28, 2013·Brain : a Journal of Neurology·Laura D LewisPatrick L Purdon
Oct 12, 2004·Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology·Philippe KolhRaymond Limet
Jun 17, 2003·The Neurologist·John N Gaitanis, Frank W Drislane
May 12, 2006·The Neurologist·Panayiotis N Varelas, Marianna Spanaki
Aug 8, 2009·Critical Care Medicine·Vivek N IyerAlejandro A Rabinstein
Jul 7, 2009·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Pedro KurtzJan Claassen
Dec 24, 2010·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Martin Holtkamp
Feb 11, 2012·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Andres Fernandez, Jan Claassen
Dec 17, 2008·European Journal of Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the European Society for Emergency Medicine·Peter Kinirons, Colin P Doherty
Aug 5, 2008·Journal of Clinical Neurophysiology : Official Publication of the American Electroencephalographic Society·Frank W DrislaneDonald L Schomer
Oct 1, 2010·Neuropathology : Official Journal of the Japanese Society of Neuropathology·Lifei YuYi Wang

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.