Abstract
High-grade T1 (T1HG) bladder cancer (BCa) has a very high likelihood of disease recurrence and progression to muscle invasion. Radical cystectomy is considered the best chance at cure, albeit with a high risk of morbidity, and is overtreatment for some patients. Treatment with bacillus Calmette-Guerin (BCG) allows bladder preservation but may risk disease progression. To systematically review the current literature on the management of T1HG BCa and provide updated treatment recommendations. Medline, EMBASE, and Epub Ahead of Print databases were searched in November 2017 to identify observational cohort studies and controlled trials, between 1946 and 2017, associated with diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of T1HG BCa. Clinical understaging and/or persistence of disease is not uncommon at initial transurethral resection (TUR); thus, a second re-TUR is recommended for cases with T1HG BCa. Patients electing a bladder preservation approach should undergo induction BCG therapy followed by a maintenance schedule, while patients with several high-risk features should consider immediate cystectomy and those with BCG-refractory or BCG-unresponsive disease should be considered for early cystectomy. Current phase I/II clinical trials fo...Continue Reading
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