Abstract
A total of 599 Neisseria gonorrhoeae strains collected in Italy in 2 periods, 2003 to 2005 and 2007 to 2008, were screened for ciprofloxacin susceptibility by Etest. Ciprofloxacin-resistant strains (49.7%) were characterized by i) serovar determination, patterns of mutation in gyrA, and parC genes (38%, randomly selected) and ii) N. gonorrhoeae multiantigen sequence typing (56% of the strains isolated from patients who declared their sexual orientation). The percentage of ciprofloxacin-resistant strains increased from 42 (2003-2005) to 58 (2007-2008); in the second period, strains with MIC value >32 microg/mL have been observed. Mutations in gyrA and parC genes were identified in the majority of strains (88%). Ciprofloxacin-resistant isolates among men who have sex with men (MSM) increased from 24% in 2003 to 2005 to 47% in 2007 to 2008. However, sequence types exclusively found among MSM were mostly due to a single strain. This is the first study in Italy combining N. gonorrhoeae ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing with molecular analyses and comparing the results over time.
References
Jul 1, 1990·Reviews of Infectious Diseases·J S Moran, J M Zenilman
Dec 20, 2000·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·X Su, I Lind
Apr 5, 2001·Current Infectious Disease Reports·Janine R. Tompkins, Jonathan M. Zenilman
Aug 15, 2001·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·A MavroidiE Tzelepi
Dec 11, 2002·Sexually Transmitted Infections·U ChaudhryD Saluja
Dec 21, 2002·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·L ArreazaJ A Vázquez
Jan 17, 2003·APMIS : Acta Pathologica, Microbiologica, Et Immunologica Scandinavica·Emma LindbäckBengt Wretlind
Apr 10, 2004·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Iona M C MartinBrian G Spratt
May 29, 2004·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Beti Ernawati DewiWilliam Ba-Thein
Aug 19, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Heidi M BauerGail Bolan
Jul 4, 2006·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·I M C MartinUNKNOWN ESSTI Network
Oct 20, 2007·International Journal of STD & AIDS·Mari De JonghAnwar A Hoosen
Oct 3, 2008·Clinical Microbiology and Infection : the Official Publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases·S StarninoM C Salfa
Oct 10, 2008·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Wing-Wai WongShu-Ying Li
Jan 7, 2009·Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy·Frédérique Vernel-PauillacCyrille Goarant
Feb 4, 2009·CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association Journal = Journal De L'Association Medicale Canadienne·John Tapsall
Apr 10, 2009·The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy·S StarninoUNKNOWN Neisseria gonorrhoeae Italian Study Group
Jun 23, 2009·International Journal of STD & AIDS·C Bignell, UNKNOWN IUSTI/WHO
Citations
Aug 17, 2011·Sexually Transmitted Diseases·Masatoshi TanakaTakako Iyoda
Jul 8, 2011·Clinical Microbiology Reviews·Magnus Unemo, Jo-Anne R Dillon
Oct 7, 2011·Journal of Clinical Microbiology·Aline A UeharaSérgio E L Fracalanzza
Oct 26, 2012·Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases·Axel Dalhoff
Dec 18, 2013·Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases·Farhad Cooper, Tristan Barber