Tributyltin-sulfhydryl interaction as a cause of immunotoxicity in phagocytes of tunicates

Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Francesca Cima, Loriano Ballarin

Abstract

We reported elsewhere that tributyltin (TBT) has detrimental effects on the immune system of the colonial ascidian Botryllus schlosseri, through interaction with calmodulin and alteration of Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we studied the capability of TBT to react with intracellular thiols. After exposure to 0.1 microM TBT, a significant decrease in B. schlosseri hemocytes stained for total thiols and reduced glutathione (GSH) was detected. Exogenous sulfhydryl and sulfide compounds can prevent TBT-induced cell morphology alterations and decrease the percentage of tin-containing hemocytes, indicating the scavenging ability of thiol peptides. No effects were observed with disulfides, N-acetylcysteine, or the GSH fragment Cys-Gly. No interactions were observed with TBT and carmustine, whereas TBT and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) showed a combined antagonistic action, suggesting direct interaction of TBT with thiol-containing compounds. Regulation of Ca2+ efflux from internal stores seems to depend on stimulation of the inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) receptor by oxidized glutathione (GSSG), which results from interactions of both TBT-GSH and TBT-GSH reductase.

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Citations

Apr 12, 2013·Biofouling·Pei-Yuan QianYing Xu
Mar 25, 2014·Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology·Sumonto MitraShashi Khandelwal
Sep 30, 2008·Drug and Chemical Toxicology·Jeralyn J PowellMargaret M Whalen
Mar 15, 2011·Toxicology in Vitro : an International Journal Published in Association with BIBRA·Salvatore NesciAlessandra Pagliarani
Oct 23, 2008·Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes·Adams MeninFrancesca Cima
Dec 28, 2006·Developmental Dynamics : an Official Publication of the American Association of Anatomists·L ManniL Ballarin
Aug 15, 2008·Journal of Receptor and Signal Transduction Research·Peter Kovacic, Ratnasamy Somanathan
Aug 28, 2018·Frontiers in Pharmacology·Linchao LiRen-Shan Ge
Mar 20, 2021·The Science of the Total Environment·Amalia RosnerSébastien Cambier

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