Trigger Enzymes: Coordination of Metabolism and Virulence Gene Expression

Microbiology Spectrum
Fabian M Commichau, Jörg Stülke

Abstract

Virulence gene expression serves two main functions, growth in/on the host, and the acquisition of nutrients. Therefore, it is obvious that nutrient availability is important to control expression of virulence genes. In any cell, enzymes are the components that are best informed about the availability of their respective substrates and products. It is thus not surprising that bacteria have evolved a variety of strategies to employ this information in the control of gene expression. Enzymes that have a second (so-called moonlighting) function in the regulation of gene expression are collectively referred to as trigger enzymes. Trigger enzymes may have a second activity as a direct regulatory protein that can bind specific DNA or RNA targets under particular conditions or they may affect the activity of transcription factors by covalent modification or direct protein-protein interaction. In this chapter, we provide an overview on these mechanisms and discuss the relevance of trigger enzymes for virulence gene expression in bacterial pathogens.

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Citations

Jun 5, 2016·Molecular Microbiology·Jonathan RosenbergFabian M Commichau
Mar 16, 2017·Environmental Microbiology Reports·Miriam DormeyerFabian M Commichau
Oct 14, 2017·Environmental Microbiology·Jonathan RosenbergFabian M Commichau
Feb 6, 2020·Frontiers in Microbiology·Alejandra AlvaradoChristine Josenhans
Jul 18, 2020·Microorganisms·Dorota SatalaAndrzej Kozik
Oct 14, 2020·Archives of Microbiology·Vijay Hemmadi, Malabika Biswas

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