Tryptophan depletion in context of the inflammatory and general nutritional status of a low-income South African HIV-infected population

Journal of Health, Population, and Nutrition
Priyesh BipathMargaretha Viljoen

Abstract

The essential amino acid tryptophan cannot be synthesised in the body and must be acquired through dietary intake. Oxidation of tryptophan, due to immune induction of the enzyme indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), is considered to be the main cause of tryptophan depletion in HIV infection and AIDS. We examined plasma tryptophan levels in a low-income sub-Saharan HIV-infected population and compared it to that of developed countries. Tryptophan levels were further examined in context of the general nutritional and inflammatory status. This cross-sectional study included 105 HIV-positive patients recruited from the Kalafong Hospital in Pretoria, South Africa, and 60 HIV-negative controls. Patient tryptophan levels were in general markedly lower than those reported for developed countries. In contrast to reports from developed countries that showed tryptophan levels on average to be 18.8 % lower than their control values, tryptophan levels in our study were 44.1 % lower than our controls (24.4 ± 4.1 vs. 43.6 ± 11.9 μmol/l; p < 0.001). Tryptophan levels correlated with both CD4 counts (r = 0.341; p = 0.004) and with pro-inflammatory activity as indicated by neopterin levels (r = -0.399; p = 0.0001). Nutritional indicators such as al...Continue Reading

References

Jan 1, 1991·Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology·R R BrownD G Malone
Dec 1, 1990·Journal of Interferon Research·D FuchsH Wachter
Oct 17, 1988·Klinische Wochenschrift·J R BognerF D Goebel
May 1, 1988·Biological Chemistry Hoppe-Seyler·E R WernerH Wachter
Feb 21, 2002·Nutrition Reviews·Elena Zoico, Ronenn Roubenoff
May 11, 2002·Current Drug Metabolism·C MurrD Fuchs
Sep 10, 2002·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Robert ZangerleDietmar Fuchs
Sep 18, 2003·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Jonathan E KaplanUNKNOWN Adult and Adolescent Spectrum of HIV Disease Project Investigators
Oct 3, 2003·The Lancet Infectious Diseases·Michael F Murray
Mar 10, 2004·The British Journal of Nutrition·Michiel A van NieuwenhovenRobert-Jan M Brummer
Nov 19, 2004·Public Health Nutrition·Hester H VorsterUna E Macintyre
Jan 22, 2005·Seminars in Dialysis·Burl R Don, George Kaysen
Jan 22, 2005·Nutrition·Gabriel Anabwani, Peter Navario
Mar 1, 2005·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Donna MildvanJonathan Kagan
Oct 11, 2005·Nutrition in Clinical Practice : Official Publication of the American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Carrie P Earthman
Mar 27, 2007·The British Journal of Nutrition·John BukusubaRoger G Whitehead
Oct 6, 2007·Clinical Immunology : the Official Journal of the Clinical Immunology Society·Adriano Boasso, Gene M Shearer
Nov 21, 2007·The British Journal of Nutrition·Nevin S Scrimshaw
Feb 12, 2008·Brain, Behavior, and Immunity·K SchroecksnadelR Zangerle
Apr 9, 2010·JPEN. Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition·Gordon L JensenUNKNOWN International Consensus Guideline Committee
Jul 7, 2011·Journal of Public Health Policy·Jane Goudge, Bulelwa Ngoma
Oct 25, 2011·Social Science & Medicine·Alexander C TsaiSheri D Weiser
Nov 16, 2011·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Sepideh Bagheri NejadDidier Pittet
Feb 11, 2012·Current Opinion in Critical Care·Gordon L Jensen, Dara Wheeler
Apr 25, 2012·Current HIV/AIDS Reports·Peter W Hunt
Apr 20, 2013·Bulletin of the World Health Organization·Gordon C McCordPrabhjot Singh

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

May 11, 2013·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Dereck E W ChattertonPer Torp Sangild
Mar 24, 2018·Southern African Journal of HIV Medicine·Karen Koch
Jul 29, 2020·Journal of Neurovirology·Precious AmusanEsther Fujiwara
Oct 3, 2018·International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR·Mendel Friedman
Nov 27, 2019·Nutrients·Adrian PostCasper F M Franssen
Jul 20, 2019·International Journal of Tryptophan Research : IJTR·Adrian C Williams, Lisa J Hill
Oct 8, 2020·Journal of Endocrinological Investigation·M PellegriniS Bo

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Methods Mentioned

BETA
ELISA
flow cytometry

Software Mentioned

Statistical Package for Social Sciences

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.