Tryptophan Metabolism and Related Pathways in Psychoneuroimmunology: The Impact of Nutrition and Lifestyle

Neuropsychobiology
Johanna M GostnerDietmar Fuchs

Abstract

In the past, accelerated tryptophan breakdown was considered to be a feature of clinical conditions, such as infection, inflammation, and malignant disease. More recently, however, the focus has changed to include the additional modulation of tryptophan metabolism by changes in nutrition and microbiota composition. The regulation of tryptophan concentration is critical for the maintenance of systemic homeostasis because it integrates essential pathways involved in nutrient sensing, metabolic stress response, and immunity. In addition to tryptophan being important as a precursor for the synthesis of the neurotransmitter serotonin, several catabolites along the kynurenine axis are neuroactive. This emphasizes the importance of the immunometabolic fate of this amino acid for processes relevant to neuropsychiatric symptoms. In humans, besides hepatic catabolism, there is usually a strong relationship between immune activation-associated tryptophan breakdown and increased levels of biomarkers, such as neopterin, which has particular relevance for both acute and chronic diseases. A shift towards neopterin synthesis during oxidative stress may indicate a corresponding decrease in tetrahydrobiopterin, a cofactor of several mono-oxygena...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ines AmaraVittorio Calabrese
Jul 16, 2019·European Archives of Psychiatry and Clinical Neuroscience·Viktoria JohanssonMikael Landén
Jan 14, 2020·Physiological Research·A TomovaD Ostatníková
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Mar 2, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Yilun LiuXuedong Fang
Mar 7, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Ruta ZulpaitePeter Schemmer
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May 28, 2021·The Annals of Otology, Rhinology, and Laryngology·Adrianna C ShembelAaron M Johnson
Jul 6, 2021·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·David R ElmalehEran Segal
Aug 26, 2021·Scientific Reports·Claire MindusAlexandra Harlander-Matauschek
Sep 18, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Natalie A HarrisonGraciela L Lorca
Oct 3, 2021·Scientific Reports·Claire MindusAlexandra Harlander-Matauschek

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