Tuberculosis control interventions targeted to previously treated people in a high-incidence setting: a modelling study

The Lancet Global Health
F M MarxTed Cohen

Abstract

In high-incidence settings, recurrent disease among previously treated individuals contributes substantially to the burden of incident and prevalent tuberculosis. The extent to which interventions targeted to this high-risk group can improve tuberculosis control has not been established. We aimed to project the population-level effect of control interventions targeted to individuals with a history of previous tuberculosis treatment in a high-incidence setting. We developed a transmission-dynamic model of tuberculosis and HIV in a high-incidence setting with a population of roughly 40 000 people in suburban Cape Town, South Africa. The model was calibrated to data describing local demography, TB and HIV prevalence, TB case notifications and treatment outcomes using a Bayesian calibration approach. We projected the effect of annual targeted active case finding in all individuals who had previously completed tuberculosis treatment and targeted active case finding combined with lifelong secondary isoniazid preventive therapy. We estimated the effect of these targeted interventions on local tuberculosis incidence, prevalence, and mortality over a 10 year period (2016-25). We projected that, under current control efforts in this sett...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 7, 2019·Nature Communications·M Gabriela M GomesChristian Lienhardt
Apr 26, 2020·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Sabine M HermansRobin Wood
Aug 11, 2020·BMC Public Health·Zhongyao XieYi Hui
Jul 18, 2018·Journal of Biological Inorganic Chemistry : JBIC : a Publication of the Society of Biological Inorganic Chemistry·Courtney F McQueen, John T Groves
Jul 28, 2021·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Nishila MoodleySalome Charalambous
Dec 27, 2021·International Journal of Infectious Diseases : IJID : Official Publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases·Beibei QiuJianming Wang

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