Tuberculosis treatment and risk of stavudine substitution in first-line antiretroviral therapy.

Treatment for tuberculosis (TB) is common among individuals receiving stavudine-containing highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), but the effect of TB treatment on stavudine toxicity has received little attention. We estimated the effect of TB treatment on risk of stavudine substitution among individuals receiving first-line HAART. We evaluated a cohort of 7066 patients who initiated HAART from April 2004 through March 2007 in Johannesburg, South Africa. Three exposure categories were considered: ongoing TB treatment at HAART initiation, concurrent initiation of TB treatment and HAART, and incident TB treatment after HAART initiation. The outcome was single-drug stavudine substitution. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) were estimated using marginal structural models to control for confounding, loss to follow-up, and competing risks. Individuals with ongoing and concurrent TB treatment were at increased risk of stavudine substitution, irrespective of stavudine dosage. For ongoing TB treatment, aHR was 3.18 (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.82-5.56) in the first 2 months of HAART, 2.51 (95% CI, 1.77-3.54) in months 3-6, and 1.19 (95% CI, 0.94-1.52) thereafter. For concurrent TB treatment, aHR was 6.60 (95% CI, 3.03-14.37) in th...Continue Reading