Tumor Heterogeneity in Primary Colorectal Cancer and Corresponding Metastases. Does the Apple Fall Far From the Tree?

Frontiers in Medicine
Annika BlankAlessandro Lugli

Abstract

Colorectal cancer harbors tremendous heterogeneity, with temporal and spatial differences in genetic mutations, epigenetic regulation, and tumor microenvironment. Analyzing the distribution and frequency of genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironment differences within a given tumor and between different sites of a metastatic tumor has been used as a powerful tool to investigate tumorigenesis, tumor progression, and to yield insight into various models of tumor development. A better understanding of tumor heterogeneity would have tremendous clinical relevance, which may manifest most clearly when genetic analyses to inform treatment decisions are performed on a very limited sample of a large tumor. This review summarizes the current concepts of tumor heterogeneity, with a focus on primary colorectal cancers and their corresponding metastases as well as potential clinical implications.

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Citations

Sep 3, 2020·International Journal of Cancer. Journal International Du Cancer·Valentina GianniniDaniele Regge
Dec 6, 2019·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Miroslav MachalaJan Vondráček
May 1, 2020·Frontiers in Immunology·Jerry B HarveyJessica L Bowser
Mar 30, 2020·Clinical Cancer Research : an Official Journal of the American Association for Cancer Research·Xiaoju Max MaJohn F Palma
Feb 13, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Victoria A StarkBruce M Boman
May 25, 2020·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular and Cell Biology of Lipids·Jiřina ProcházkováMiroslav Machala
Mar 25, 2021·Arquivos Brasileiros De Cirurgia Digestiva : ABCD = Brazilian Archives of Digestive Surgery·Leticia Elizabeth Augustin CzeczkoAna Maria Waaga-Gasser
Jan 9, 2022·Clinical & Translational Oncology : Official Publication of the Federation of Spanish Oncology Societies and of the National Cancer Institute of Mexico·A Fernández MontesE Aranda

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
xenograft
PCR
biopsies

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