Turning inducible defenses on and off: adaptive responses of Daphnia to a gape-limited predator

Ecology
Howard P Riessen, Julie B Trevett-Smith

Abstract

The use of inducible defenses is a common strategy to reduce predation while minimizing associated costs for prey. The most effective use of these defenses, however, may involve turning them on and off at different stages of ontogenetic development, with the timing dependent on prey body size and the nature of the predation environment. We develop a model based on the strike efficiency of a size-selective predator that examines the interaction between induced morphological defenses and prey body size, including the consequences of this interaction for the optimal development of the defenses during the prey's ontogeny. We then examine this model with respect to a model system of inducible defenses: neck spine induction in the water flea Daphnia in response to predatory larvae of the phantom midge Chaoborus. In accordance with predictions of the model, the body size and timing of neck spine acquisition during Daphnia development are related to the relative sizes of the Daphnia and Chaoborus species interacting in a pond or lake. The Daphnia species examined first acquire neck spines in either the first, second, or third juvenile instar, at body lengths that range from 0.58 to 0.83 mm. Neck spine formation is initiated at larger D...Continue Reading

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Citations

Sep 6, 2012·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Howard P RiessenNorman D Yan
Feb 7, 2012·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·Matthew D McCooleAndrew E Christie
Dec 6, 2011·Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology. Part D, Genomics & Proteomics·Matthew D McCooleAndrew E Christie
Jan 11, 2011·General and Comparative Endocrinology·Andrew E ChristiePetra H Lenz
Jun 13, 2013·Journal of Experimental Zoology. Part A, Ecological Genetics and Physiology·Hitoshi MiyakawaToru Miura
Nov 7, 2014·BMC Physiology·Anke SchwarzenbergerAlexander Wacker
Jul 15, 2015·Genome Génome / Conseil National De Recherches Canada·Ianina AltshulerMelania E Cristescu
May 18, 2017·Ecology·Corie L CharpentierJonathan H Cohen
Apr 26, 2020·Journal of Morphology·Sven RitscharChristian Laforsch
Apr 12, 2019·Scientific Reports·B TrotterC Laforsch
Aug 17, 2019·Royal Society Open Science·Marcus LeeLars-Anders Hansson
Jul 14, 2020·Journal of Evolutionary Biology·Harry W Hitsman, Andrew M Simons
Mar 19, 2021·Ecology and Evolution·Franceen Eshun-WilsonErik Sperfeld

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