Turning Up the Heat: An Evaluation of the Evidence for Heating to Promote Exercise Recovery, Muscle Rehabilitation and Adaptation

Sports Medicine
Hamish McGormJonathan M Peake

Abstract

Historically, heat has been used in various clinical and sports rehabilitation settings to treat soft tissue injuries. More recently, interest has emerged in using heat to pre-condition muscle against injury. The aim of this narrative review was to collate information on different types of heat therapy, explain the physiological rationale for heat therapy, and to summarise and evaluate the effects of heat therapy before, during and after muscle injury, immobilisation and strength training. Studies on skeletal muscle cells demonstrate that heat attenuates cellular damage and protein degradation (following in vitro challenges/insults to the cells). Heat also increases the expression of heat shock proteins (HSPs) and upregulates the expression of genes involved in muscle growth and differentiation. In rats, applying heat before and after muscle injury or immobilisation typically reduces cellular damage and muscle atrophy, and promotes more rapid muscle growth/regeneration. In humans, some research has demonstrated benefits of microwave diathermy (and, to a lesser extent, hot water immersion) before exercise for restricting muscle soreness and restoring muscle function after exercise. By contrast, the benefits of applying heat to m...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 10, 2019·The Journal of Physiology·Abigail G Casso, Vienna E Brunt
May 1, 2020·Journal of Applied Physiology·Kyoungrae KimBruno T Roseguini
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Jun 3, 2021·International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health·Ignacio BartoloméMarcos Maynar-Mariño
Oct 9, 2021·International Journal of Biometeorology·Ersin Odabasi, Mustafa Turan

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