Twin Screw Extruders as Continuous Mixers for Thermal Processing: a Technical and Historical Perspective

AAPS PharmSciTech
Charlie Martin

Abstract

Developed approximately 100 years ago for natural rubber/plastics applications, processes via twin screw extrusion (TSE) now generate some of the most cutting-edge drug delivery systems available. After 25 or so years of usage in pharmaceutical environments, it has become evident why TSE processing offers significant advantages as compared to other manufacturing techniques. The well-characterized nature of the TSE process lends itself to ease of scale-up and process optimization while also affording the benefits of continuous manufacturing. Interestingly, the evolution of twin screw extrusion for pharmaceutical products has followed a similar path as previously trodden by plastics processing pioneers. Almost every plastic has been processed at some stage in the manufacturing train on a twin screw extruder, which is utilized to mix materials together to impart desired properties into a final part. The evolution of processing via TSEs since the early/mid 1900s is recounted for plastics and also for pharmaceuticals from the late 1980s until today. The similarities are apparent. The basic theory and development of continuous mixing via corotating and counterrotating TSEs for plastics and drug is also described. The similarities bet...Continue Reading

Citations

Feb 11, 2016·AAPS PharmSciTech·Feng Zhang, Michael A Repka
May 23, 2018·Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition·Vivian OffiahKolawole O Falade
Mar 28, 2017·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Patrick HitzerKarsten Rebner
Dec 19, 2019·Polymers·Krzysztof WilczyńskiKamila Buziak
Dec 1, 2020·European Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences : Official Journal of the European Federation for Pharmaceutical Sciences·Arun ButreddyMichael A Repka
Jan 29, 2021·Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy·Yi ZhangFeng Zhang
May 1, 2021·Pharmaceutics·Uttom NandiDennis Douroumis

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