Two centuries of settlement and urban development in the United States.

Science Advances
Stefan LeykMyron Gutmann

Abstract

Over the past 200 years, the population of the United States grew more than 40-fold. The resulting development of the built environment has had a profound impact on the regional economic, demographic, and environmental structure of North America. Unfortunately, constraints on data availability limit opportunities to study long-term development patterns and how population growth relates to land-use change. Using hundreds of millions of property records, we undertake the finest-resolution analysis to date, in space and time, of urbanization patterns from 1810 to 2015. Temporally consistent metrics reveal distinct long-term urban development patterns characterizing processes such as settlement expansion and densification at fine granularity. Furthermore, we demonstrate that these settlement measures are robust proxies for population throughout the record and thus potential surrogates for estimating population changes at fine scales. These new insights and data vastly expand opportunities to study land use, population change, and urbanization over the past two centuries.

References

Dec 21, 2007·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Elena G Irwin, Nancy E Bockstael
Jan 19, 2010·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Volker C RadeloffDavid P Helmers
Aug 31, 2011·PloS One·Karen C SetoMichael K Reilly
Jan 3, 2013·Annals of the Association of American Geographers·Seth E Spielman, John R Logan
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Jan 27, 2019·Nature Communications·Yu Fang, James W Jawitz
Jan 1, 2020·GIScience & Remote Sensing·Hamidreza Zoraghein, Stefan Leyk

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Citations

Nov 18, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Dylan Shane Connor, Michael Storper
May 27, 2021·Spatial Demography·Stephen A MatthewsDavid W S Wong
Aug 27, 2021·Earth's Future·Virginia IglesiasWilliam R Travis
Sep 17, 2021·Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences·Francisco Estrada, Pierre Perron

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Software Mentioned

Matplotlib
STATA
NumPy
Feature Manipulation Engine ( FME
Pandas
ArcGIS
SQLite

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