Two essential Thioredoxins mediate apicoplast biogenesis, protein import, and gene expression in Toxoplasma gondii

PLoS Pathogens
Marco BiddauLilach Sheiner

Abstract

Apicomplexan parasites are global killers, being the causative agents of diseases like toxoplasmosis and malaria. These parasites are known to be hypersensitive to redox imbalance, yet little is understood about the cellular roles of their various redox regulators. The apicoplast, an essential plastid organelle, is a verified apicomplexan drug target. Nuclear-encoded apicoplast proteins traffic through the ER and multiple apicoplast sub-compartments to their place of function. We propose that thioredoxins contribute to the control of protein trafficking and of protein function within these apicoplast compartments. We studied the role of two Toxoplasma gondii apicoplast thioredoxins (TgATrx), both essential for parasite survival. By describing the cellular phenotypes of the conditional depletion of either of these redox regulated enzymes we show that each of them contributes to a different apicoplast biogenesis pathway. We provide evidence for TgATrx1's involvement in ER to apicoplast trafficking and TgATrx2 in the control of apicoplast gene expression components. Substrate pull-down further recognizes gene expression factors that interact with TgATrx2. We use genetic complementation to demonstrate that the function of both TgAT...Continue Reading

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Citations

Aug 7, 2019·Biochemical Society Transactions·Marco Biddau, Lilach Sheiner
Nov 5, 2019·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Marta García-SánchezLuis Miguel Ortega-Mora
Feb 2, 2021·Frontiers in Veterinary Science·Zhi-Wei ZhangXing-Quan Zhu
Feb 6, 2021·FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology·Shuang LiQun Liu
Dec 16, 2020·Parasitology International·Ying ZhangHonglin Jia
Nov 5, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Alexander I KostyukDmitry S Bilan
Aug 28, 2021·Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology·Eduardo AlvesMatthew A Child

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
protein folding
super resolution microscopy
super-resolution microscopy
fluorescence microscopy
pull-down
Fluorescent
immunoprecipitation
co-IP
co-immunoprecipitation
pull-downs

Software Mentioned

MAFFT
RAxML
FIJI
MrBayes
AxioVision
Mascot
Prottest
ZEN
softWoRx

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