Two important limitations relating to the spiking of environmental samples with contaminants of emerging concern: How close to the real analyte concentrations are the reported recovered values?

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
Costas MichaelDespo Fatta-Kassinos

Abstract

Occurrence and effects of contaminants of emerging concern pose a special challenge to environmental scientists. The investigation of these effects requires reliable, valid, and comparable analytical data. To this effect, two critical aspects are raised herein, concerning the limitations of the produced analytical data. The first relates to the inherent difficulty that exists in the analysis of environmental samples, which is related to the lack of knowledge (information), in many cases, of the form(s) of the contaminant in which is present in the sample. Thus, the produced analytical data can only refer to the amount of the free contaminant ignoring the amount in which it may be present in other forms; e.g., as in chelated and conjugated form. The other important aspect refers to the way with which the spiking procedure is generally performed to determine the recovery of the analytical method. Spiking environmental samples, in particular solid samples, with standard solution followed by immediate extraction, as is the common practice, can lead to an overestimation of the recovery. This is so, because no time is given to the system to establish possible equilibria between the solid matter-inorganic and/or organic-and the contam...Continue Reading

References

Aug 19, 2005·Journal of Chromatography. a·Anke a GöbelThomas A Ternes
Sep 10, 2008·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Marie LeclercqDominique Hillaire-Buys
May 11, 2010·The Science of the Total Environment·Ji-Feng YangFeng Chen
Mar 20, 2013·Environmental Science & Technology·Juying LiJay Gan
Aug 21, 2013·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Mareen Graouer-BacartEmmanuel Guillon
Dec 10, 2013·Water Research·Juying LiJay Gan

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Citations

Jul 30, 2018·Environmental Geochemistry and Health·Qingqing WuMing Hung Wong
Mar 28, 2019·Journal of Medical Economics·Mihajlo JakovljevicThomas E Getzen
Apr 13, 2019·Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry·Iran Ocaña-RiosElena Loeza-Fuentes

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