Two phenotypically and functionally distinct microglial populations in adult zebrafish

Science Advances
Shuting WuZilong Wen

Abstract

Microglia are the tissue-resident macrophages in the central nervous system and are critically involved in immune defense, neural development and function, and neuroinflammation. The versatility of microglia has long been attributed to heterogeneity. Recent studies have revealed possible heterogeneity in human but not in murine microglia, yet a firm demonstration linking microglial heterogeneity to functional phenotypes remains scarce. Here, we identified two distinct microglial populations in adult zebrafish that differ in morphology, distribution, development, and function. The predominant population, phagocytotic microglia, which expresses ccl34b.1, is broadly distributed, amoeboid in shape, highly mobile, and phagocytotic. The other white matter-enriched ccl34b.1- population, regulatory microglia, has ramified protrusions but has limited mobility and phagocytosis capability. These functional differences are further supported by distinct transcriptomes and responses to bacterial infection, where ccl34b.1+ microglia function in tissue clearance and ccl34b.1- microglia release immune regulators. Our study sheds light on the heterogeneity and functional diversification of microglia.

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Citations

Apr 20, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Kaushik SharmaUkpong B Eyo
Aug 30, 2021·Current Opinion in Cell Biology·Joanna Zareba, Francesca Peri
Oct 29, 2021·Frontiers in Immunology·Miriam MojzeszKrzysztof Rakus

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
scRNA-seq
transgenic
RNA-seq
fluorescence-activated cell sorting
PCA
PCR
Smart-seq2
reverse transcription PCR

Software Mentioned

GraphPad Prism
STAR
featureCounts
DESeq2
Metascape
MTrackJ
heatmap
Cytoscape
ImageJ

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