Two small, cysteine-rich and cationic antifungal proteins from Penicillium chrysogenum: A comparative study of PAF and PAFB

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Biomembranes
A HuberF Marx

Abstract

The filamentous fungus Penicillium chrysogenum Q176 secretes the antimicrobial proteins (AMPs) PAF and PAFB, which share a compact disulfide-bond mediated, β-fold structure rendering them highly stable. These two AMPs effectively inhibit the growth of human pathogenic fungi in micromolar concentrations and exhibit antiviral potential without causing cytotoxic effects on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo. The antifungal mechanism of action of both AMPs is closely linked to - but not solely dependent on - the lipid composition of the fungal cell membrane and requires a strictly regulated protein uptake into the cell, indicating that PAF and PAFB are not canonical membrane active proteins. Variations in their antifungal spectrum and their killing dynamics point towards a divergent mode of action related to their physicochemical properties and surface charge distribution. In this review, we relate characteristic features of PAF and PAFB to the current knowledge about other AMPs of different sources. In addition, we present original data that have never been published before to substantiate our assumptions and provide evidences that help to explain and understand better the mechanistic function of PAF and PAFB. Finally, we underl...Continue Reading

Citations

Jan 29, 2021·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·András CzajlikGyula Batta
Apr 30, 2021·Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology·Caroline StruyfsKarin Thevissen
Jul 3, 2021·Journal of Fungi·Mónica GandíaPaloma Manzanares

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
ion-exchange chromatography
protein folding
nuclear magnetic resonance
NMR
X-ray
glycosylation
differential scanning calorimetry
transgenic

Software Mentioned

ExPASy ProtParam
Protein Calculator
GAMMA
Clustal
Clustal X
Jalview
GRAVY
PyMol
PRANK

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An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.

Antifungals (ASM)

An antifungal, also known as an antimycotic medication, is a pharmaceutical fungicide or fungistatic used to treat and prevent mycosis such as athlete's foot, ringworm, candidiasis, cryptococcal meningitis, and others. Discover the latest research on antifungals here.