Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Overlapping Biologic Mechanisms and Environmental Risk Factors

Current Environmental Health Reports
Kimberly C PaulBeate Ritz

Abstract

A number of studies over the past two decades have suggested that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients are at an increased risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several common molecular pathways to cellular and metabolic dysfunction have been implicated in the etiology of both diseases. Here, we review the emerging evidence from observational studies that investigate the relationship between T2DM and AD, and of shared environmental risk factors, specifically air pollution and pesticides, associated with both chronic disorders. Particulate matter and traffic-related air pollution have been widely associated with T2DM, and multiple studies have associated exposures with AD or cognitive function. Organochlorine (OC) and organophosphate (OP) pesticides have been associated with T2DM in multiple independent populations. Two populations have observed increased risks for OC and OP exposures and AD. Other studies, limited in exposure assessment, have reported increased risk of AD with any pesticide exposure assessments. This may suggest shared pathogenic pathways between environmental risk factors, T2DM, and AD. Research focusing on exposures related to both T2DM and AD could provide new disease insights on shared mechanisms and help s...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 6, 2019·Journal of Molecular Neuroscience : MN·Xiaojun ZhangJing Zhou
Mar 29, 2019·Current Protein & Peptide Science·Wei LingHai-Lu Zhao
Jul 12, 2020·Journal of Alzheimer's Disease : JAD·Kimberly C PaulBeate Ritz
Jan 30, 2020·Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry·Leandro B Bergantin
Mar 30, 2021·International Journal of General Medicine·Amy W RachfalStanley S Schwartz
Jun 15, 2021·Pharmacological Reports : PR·Karolina MaciejewskaPaweł Szymański
Oct 23, 2021·The European Journal of Neuroscience·Xiao-Yu LiuPing Xu
Oct 22, 2020·Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Extra·Yumi WatanabeTadashi Yamamoto

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
transgenic

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