Ultrasonographic examination of the spinal cord and collection of cerebrospinal fluid from the atlanto-occipital space in cattle

BMC Veterinary Research
U BraunCarina Brammertz

Abstract

This study describes the ultrasonographic appearance of the atlanto-occipital space and ultrasound-guided collection of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in cattle. The atlanto-occipital space of 73 euthanized cattle (group A) and 14 live cattle with neurological disorders (group B) was examined in the sagittal and transverse planes using a 5.0-MHz convex transducer. Optimal ultrasonograms were frozen on the screen and various variables were measured in both planes using the electronic cursors. Puncture of the subarachnoid space was achieved using a spinal needle introduced in the median plane in a caudoventral direction while the spinal cord was viewed in longitudinal section. The examination of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was limited to gross evaluation and a red blood cell count. The spinal cord and the subarachnoid space were seen in the sagittal plane in all cattle. In group A, the mean distance between the skin and subarachnoid space was 38.6 mm, the mean depth of the subarachnoid space dorsal and ventral to the spinal cord was 8.9 mm and 8.4 mm, respectively, the mean diameter of the spinal cord was 9.9 mm and the mean diameter of the dural sac was 26.9 mm. These measurements were similar on transverse images. For collection of CS...Continue Reading

References

Oct 7, 1968·JAMA : the Journal of the American Medical Association·B M Patten
Sep 18, 2004·Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association·Fabrice AudigiéJ M Denoix
Apr 27, 2007·Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation : Official Publication of the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians, Inc·Carrie J FinnoNicola Pusterla
Feb 26, 2008·The Veterinary Journal·Roberta Di Terlizzi, Simon R Platt
Oct 7, 2008·Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association·Alejandro Luján Feliu-PascualSimon Platt
Aug 13, 2011·Veterinary Radiology & Ultrasound : the Official Journal of the American College of Veterinary Radiology and the International Veterinary Radiology Association·Anthony PeaseGeorge Bohart
Nov 15, 2013·The Veterinary Record·M DepeckerA Couroucé-Malblanc

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Citations

Jan 15, 2017·Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica·Ueli BraunMatthias Dennler
Feb 2, 2017·Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica·Ueli BraunMonika Hilbe

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
sedation

Software Mentioned

STATA

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