Ultrastable Sodium-Sulfur Batteries without Polysulfides Formation Using Slit Ultramicropore Carbon Carrier

Advanced Science
Qiubo GuoHui Xia

Abstract

The formation of the soluble polysulfides (Na2S n , 4 ≤ n ≤ 8) causes poor cycling performance for room temperature sodium-sulfur (RT Na-S) batteries. Moreover, the formation of insoluble polysulfides (Na2S n , 2 ≤ n < 4) can slow down the reaction kinetics and terminate the discharge reaction before it reaches the final product. In this work, coffee residue derived activated ultramicroporous coffee carbon (ACC) material loading with small sulfur molecules (S2-4) as cathode material for RT Na-S batteries is reported. The first principle calculations indicate the space confinement of the slit ultramicropores can effectively suppress the formation of polysulfides (Na2S n , 2 ≤ n ≤ 8). Combining with in situ UV/vis spectroscopy measurements, one-step reaction RT Na-S batteries with Na2S as the only and final discharge product without polysulfides formation are demonstrated. As a result, the ultramicroporous carbon loaded with 40 wt% sulfur delivers a high reversible specific capacity of 1492 mAh g-1 at 0.1 C (1 C = 1675 mA g-1). When cycled at 1 C rate, the carbon-sulfur composite electrode exhibits almost no capacity fading after 2000 cycles with 100% coulombic efficiency, revealing excellent cycling stability and reversibi...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 4, 2021·Molecules : a Journal of Synthetic Chemistry and Natural Product Chemistry·Yanjie WangXiaoyuan Zeng
Aug 14, 2021·Journal of Colloid and Interface Science·Wenwen TangMaowen Xu
Oct 24, 2020·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Muhammad SajjadJ Andreas Larsson
Sep 28, 2021·Materials Horizons·Xiang Long HuangZhiming M Wang
Feb 4, 2022·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·N ThatsamiT Kaewmaraya

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
scanning electron microscopy
infrared spectroscopy
transmission electron microscopy
electron diffraction

Software Mentioned

Vienna Ab initio Simulation Package ( VASP )
Atomistix ToolKit ( ATK )

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