Ultrastructural analysis of the dehydrated tardigrade Hypsibius exemplaris unveils an anhydrobiotic-specific architecture.

Scientific Reports
Myriam RichaudSimon Galas

Abstract

Tardigrades can cope with adverse environmental conditions by turning into anhydrobiotes with a characteristic tun shape. Tun formation is an essential morphological adaptation for tardigrade entry into the anhydrobiotic state. The tun cell structure and ultrastructure have rarely been explored in tardigrades in general and never in Hypsibius exemplaris. We used transmission electron microscopy to compare cellular organization and ultrastructures between hydrated and anhydrobiotic H. exemplaris. Despite a globally similar cell organelle structure and a number of cells not significantly different between hydrated and desiccated tardigrades, reductions in the sizes of both cells and mitochondria were detected in dehydrated animals. Moreover, in anhydrobiotes, secretory active cells with a dense endoplasmic reticulum network were observed. Interestingly, these anhydrobiote-specific cells are in a close relationship with a specific extracellular structure surrounding each cell. It is possible that this rampart-like extracellular structure resulted from the accumulation of anhydrobiotic-specific material to protect the cells. Interestingly, after five hours of rehydration, the number of secretory cells decreased, and the specific ex...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 6, 2020·Cell Communication and Signaling : CCS·Cherie Hesgrove, Thomas C Boothby
Nov 17, 2020·Frontiers in Physiology·Jonathan D HibshmanBob Goldstein
Aug 4, 2021·Journal of the American Chemical Society·Madhurima ChattopadhyayLukasz Piatkowski

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
electron microscopy
confocal microscopy
transmission electron microscopy

Software Mentioned

XLSTAT
ImageJ
exemplaris

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