Undernutrition and growth restriction in pregnancy

Nestlé Nutrition Workshop Series. Paediatric Programme
Renate L BergmannJ W Dudenhausen

Abstract

Newborn size is the result of intrauterine growth. Premature, low birthweight of <2,500 g, small for gestational age (SGA, <10th percentile), or intrauterine growth-restricted (IUGR) newborns may have similar weights. Serial fetal biometry (ultrasound), required for the diagnosis, timing and severity of intrauterine growth restriction in the individual infant, is still not common in epidemiological studies. SGA newborns have less lean body mass, but they particularly lack fat mass. The most important etiological determinants of intrauterine growth restriction in developed countries is cigarette smoking, while in developing countries it is usually longstanding food deprivation. Follow-up studies of SGA newborns consistently showed a positive association between birthweight and later lean body mass, whereas associations with adiposity were more variable. Most SGA infants had catch-up in length/height. Signs of the metabolic syndrome accompanied the catch-up in bodyweight and central adiposity. So far, no overarching model is available to explain how the epigenetic and hormonal tunings, which accompany intrauterine malnutrition from preconception through pregnancy, can program the regulatory systems of fundamental life processes. ...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 8, 2012·Environmental Health Perspectives·Kim BoekelheideJohn M Rogers
Nov 6, 2018·The British Journal of Nutrition·Naho MorisakiUNKNOWN Japan Environment and Children’s Study Group
Jan 5, 2011·Nutrition Reviews·Abalo Chango, Latifa Abdennebi-Najar
Dec 15, 2016·Endocrinology·Christopher HakimArpita K Vyas
Apr 23, 2011·American Journal of Physiology. Renal Physiology·Kyungjoon LimM Jane Black
Jun 1, 2010·Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease·A A SayerC Cooper
Dec 17, 2015·BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth·Abdulai AbubakariAlbrecht Jahn
Oct 25, 2020·Experimental Physiology·Luana Cristina de Almeida SilvaVânia D'Almeida
Jul 20, 2021·Toxicology Reports·Emmanuel Damilare AreolaLawrence Aderemi Olatunji

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