Understanding mechanisms of inhaled toxicants: implications for replacing default factors with chemical-specific data

Toxicology Letters
M S Bogdanffy, A Jarabek

Abstract

Assessing risk of inhaled materials is a challenging endeavor because of the profound interspecies differences in respiratory tract anatomy, physiology, and biochemistry. Recent advances in the availability of mechanistic data and mathematical models for describing dosimetry behavior of particles and gases has lead to improvements in default approaches to risk assessment of inhaled materials. An overview of some of the more well-understood differences between species in factors controlling dosimetry and response, and the default approach of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency that accounts for many of these factors, are presented. The default methodology also creates a framework which inhalation toxicologists can use to direct research at reducing uncertainty in risk assessments that might otherwise be handled through default uncertainty factors. The optimal approach to risk assessment is to develop chemical-specific mode of action and dosimetry data that can be used quantitatively to replace the entire default approach. The toxicology of vinyl acetate and recent efforts to develop data to supplant assumptions made in the default approach are presented. The conclusion is drawn that the future of inhalation toxicity risk as...Continue Reading

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Citations

Dec 31, 1997·Mutation Research·B H MathisonM S Bogdanffy
Dec 31, 1997·Mutation Research·M S BogdanffyA E Harman
Dec 22, 2007·Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health. Part a·Gary L GinsbergAnnie M Jarabek
Nov 10, 2015·Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene·Eileen D KuempelAnnie M Jarabek
Dec 4, 2003·Risk Analysis : an Official Publication of the Society for Risk Analysis·John C LipscombGregory L Kedderis
Mar 3, 1999·Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology : RTP·B E Butterworth, M S Bogdanffy
Jul 16, 2005·Inhalation Toxicology·Annie M JarabekFrederick J Miller

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