Understanding the Higher-Order Approach to Consciousness.

Trends in Cognitive Sciences
Richard BrownJoseph E LeDoux

Abstract

The higher-order theory (HOT) of consciousness has often been misunderstood by critics. Here, we clarify its position on several issues, and distinguish it from other views, such as the global workspace theory (GWT) and early sensory models (e.g., first-order local recurrency theories). For example, HOT has been criticized for overintellectualizing consciousness. We show that, while higher-order states are cognitively assembled, the requirements are in fact considerably less than often presumed. In this sense, HOT may be viewed as an intermediate position between GWT and early sensory views. We also clarify that most proponents of HOT do not stipulate consciousness as equivalent to metacognition or confidence. Furthermore, compared with other existing theories, HOT can arguably account better for complex everyday experiences, such as emotions and episodic memories. This makes HOT particularly useful as a framework for conceptualizing pathological mental states.

Citations

Feb 26, 2020·Cognitive Neuropsychology·Richard Brown, Joseph LeDoux
Jul 17, 2020·Perspectives on Psychological Science : a Journal of the Association for Psychological Science·Peter FazekasMorten Overgaard
Mar 3, 2020·Frontiers in Psychology·Victor A F Lamme
Jun 24, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Teresa M SchubertMichael McCloskey
Mar 15, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joseph E LeDouxHakwan Lau
Sep 2, 2020·Nature Communications·Aurelio CorteseMitsuo Kawato
Jul 15, 2020·Cognitive Neuroscience·Adrien DoerigMichael H Herzog
Feb 26, 2020·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Joseph E LeDoux, Hakwan Lau
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Mar 11, 2020·Current Biology : CB·Joseph E LeDoux
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Oct 8, 2021·Palliative & Supportive Care·Tricia O'ConnorKaren Strickland

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