Understanding the Two Faces of Low-Salt Intake

Current Hypertension Reports
Branko BraamShereen M Hamza

Abstract

Fierce debate has developed whether low-sodium intake, like high-sodium intake, could be associated with adverse outcome. The debate originates in earlier epidemiological studies associating high-sodium intake with high blood pressure and more recent studies demonstrating a higher cardiovascular event rate with both low- and high-sodium intake. This brings into question whether we entirely understand the consequences of high- and (very) low-sodium intake for the systemic hemodynamics, the kidney function, the vascular wall, the immune system, and the brain. Evolutionarily, sodium retention mechanisms in the context of low dietary sodium provided a survival advantage and are highly conserved, exemplified by the renin-angiotensin system. What is the potential for this sodium-retaining mechanism to cause harm? In this paper, we will consider current views on how a sodium load is handled, visiting aspects including the effect of sodium on the vessel wall, the sympathetic nervous system, the brain renin-angiotensin system, the skin as "third compartment" coupling to vascular endothelial growth factor C, and the kidneys. From these perspectives, several mechanisms can be envisioned whereby a low-sodium diet could potentially cause ha...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 20, 2018·Clinical and Experimental Hypertension : CHE·Jialiang WangChunyu Zeng
May 21, 2019·Frontiers in Human Neuroscience·Sung W Lee
Jan 16, 2020·Current Pharmaceutical Design·Sanket N PatelTahir Hussain
Jan 22, 2021·Scientific Reports·Wacharaporn TiyasatkulkovitNarattaphol Charoenphandhu
Mar 20, 2018·Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry·Yijuan XuWei Chen

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