Abstract
The mode of treatment best for undescended testes is controversial, and local traditions often override knowledge gained from randomized controlled studies. In order to reach a consensus within the Nordic countries on the current state-of-the-art of treatment, a group of specialists in testicular physiology, paediatric surgery/urology, endocrinology, andrology, pathology and anaesthesiology from all the Nordic countries met for 2 days. Before the meeting, reviews of the literature had been prepared by the participants. Judging from published meta-analyses, hormonal treatment has low efficacy. Although 15-20% of retained testes descend during hormonal treatment, one-fifth of these re-ascend later on. Also, treatment with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) may be harmful to future spermatogenesis through increased apoptosis of germ cells. Orchiopexy, on the contrary, results in about 95% anatomical success, with a low (about 1%) risk of complications. The optimal time for orchiopexy has also been debated. However, a recent randomized controlled study shows that surgery at 9 months of age is followed by a better post-operative growth of the testes than surgery at 3 years, which supports previous arguments for early surgery. The un...Continue Reading
References
Feb 1, 1975·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·F HadziselimovicH Seguchi
Mar 1, 1988·Journal of Andrology·M HjertkvistJ E Damber
Jan 1, 1987·Journal of Reproduction and Fertility·A BerghJ E Damber
Aug 1, 1974·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·W MengelW C Hecker
Dec 31, 1997·The Journal of Clinical Investigation·L DunkelS Wikström
Jun 26, 2001·Hormone Research·P A Lee, M T Coughlin
Dec 12, 2001·Hormone Research·K D MillerP A Lee
Jun 29, 2004·Pediatric Surgery International·Márcia Riromi HennaBernardo Garcia de Oliveira Soares
Feb 24, 2005·Pediatric Surgery International·C OngJ M Hutson
Apr 23, 2005·Pediatric Research·Monique AssmusOlle Söder
Feb 25, 2006·Acta Paediatrica·Claude KollinBengt Karpe
Mar 1, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·E Martin RitzénH Virtanen
Mar 27, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·J ThorupS Taskinen
Apr 28, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·Helena E VirtanenKatharina M Main
Apr 28, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·Anders Bergh, Olle Söder
Apr 28, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·Helena E VirtanenJorma Toppari
Apr 28, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·Arni V ThorssonMartin Ritzén
May 4, 2007·The New England Journal of Medicine·Andreas PetterssonOlof Akre
Jun 1, 2007·Acta Paediatrica·W W M HackF H Pierik
Aug 21, 2007·The Journal of Urology·Claude KollinE Martin Ritzén
Citations
Jan 12, 2012·BMC Pediatrics·Federico MarchettiUNKNOWN Italian Study Group on Undescended Testes
Aug 25, 2010·Pediatrics·Paul J KokorowskiCaleb P Nelson
Jan 26, 2011·Pediatrics·Warren SnodgrassSong Zhang
Jun 27, 2014·BMJ Case Reports·Frank Denis McDermottDes C Winter
Feb 23, 2012·Apoptosis : an International Journal on Programmed Cell Death·Ankur MaheshwariRajnesh K Sharma
Jul 26, 2013·Journal of the Formosan Medical Association = Taiwan Yi Zhi·Yu-Fen ChenHong-Chiang Chang
Mar 26, 2014·Asian Journal of Surgery·Iskandar Rahardjo BudiantoTomoaki Taguchi
Apr 15, 2014·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·Jocelyn van BrakelGert R Dohle
Jun 1, 2013·Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy = Biomédecine & Pharmacothérapie·David GroheuxElif Hindié
Aug 23, 2011·The Journal of Urology·Morten Søndergaard JensenTine Brink Henriksen
Jul 9, 2010·Seminars in Pediatric Surgery·John M HutsonBridget Southwell
Apr 7, 2010·Journal of Pediatric Urology·John Hutson
Dec 17, 2009·Journal of Pediatric Surgery·Rangga PrasetyoJohn Hutson
Feb 1, 2012·BJU International·Jocelyn van BrakelFrans W Hazebroek
Aug 4, 2012·Pediatric Clinics of North America·Laura Stansell MerrimanAndrew J Kirsch
Sep 12, 2015·BMC Pediatrics·Kai O HenselStefan Wirth
May 16, 2014·Frontiers in Endocrinology·Giovanni CobellisAlfonso Papparella
Aug 12, 2014·Pediatric and Developmental Pathology : the Official Journal of the Society for Pediatric Pathology and the Paediatric Pathology Society·Manuel NistalMiguel Reyes-Múgica
Jul 20, 2016·BJU International·Yi WeiGuang-Hui Wei
Oct 1, 2016·Journal of Pediatric Urology·Christian RadmayrSerdar Tekgul
May 1, 2015·International Braz J Urol : Official Journal of the Brazilian Society of Urology·R Varela-CivesR Tojo-Sierra
Jan 13, 2017·Hormone Research in Pædiatrics·Athanasia StoupaJacques Beltrand
Jun 28, 2017·Nature Reviews. Urology·Jason K GurneyDiana Sarfati
Jul 4, 2013·Medical Decision Making : an International Journal of the Society for Medical Decision Making·M Elske van den Akker-van MarleUNKNOWN NST Expert Group
Nov 23, 2017·Basic and Clinical Andrology·Faruk Hadziselimovic
Oct 20, 2011·Nature Reviews. Endocrinology·Claire BouvattierJacques Young
Jul 3, 2019·Scientific Reports·Chi-Shin TsengI-Ni Chiang
Mar 7, 2012·The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism·Jacques Young
Dec 14, 2017·Scientific Reports·Chi-Shin TsengYeong-Shiau Pu
Feb 24, 2016·International Urology and Nephrology·Tao LiQiang Wei
Dec 5, 2019·The Journal of Maternal-fetal & Neonatal Medicine : the Official Journal of the European Association of Perinatal Medicine, the Federation of Asia and Oceania Perinatal Societies, the International Society of Perinatal Obstetricians·D LippiR Bianucci
Jul 27, 2020·BJS Open·M A JayR Gilbert
Oct 18, 2014·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Kai O Hensel, Stefan Wirth
Oct 18, 2014·Deutsches Ärzteblatt International·Georg HrivatakisVerena Ellerkamp