Unique 2'-O-methylation by Hen1 in eukaryotic RNA interference and bacterial RNA repair

Biochemistry
Raven H Huang

Abstract

In an RNA transcript, the 2'-OH group at the 3'-terminal nucleotide is unique as it is the only 2'-OH group that is adjacent to a 3'-OH group instead of a phosphate backbone. The 2'-OH group at the 3'-terminal nucleotide of certain RNAs is methylated in vivo, which is acheived by a methyltransferase named Hen1 that is mechanistically distinct from other known RNA 2'-O-methyltransferases. In eukaryotic organisms, 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylation of small RNAs stabilizes these small RNAs for RNA interference (RNAi). In bacteria, the same methylation during RNA repair results in repaired RNA resisting future damage at the site of repair. Although the chemistry performed by the eukaryotic and bacterial Hen1 is the same, the mechanisms of how RNA is stabilized as a result of the 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylation are different between the eukaryotic RNAi and the bacterial RNA repair. In this review, I will discuss the distribution of Hen1 in living organisms, the classification of Hen1 into four subfamilies, the structure and mechanism of Hen1 that allows it to conduct RNA 3'-terminal 2'-O-methylation, and the possible evolutionary origin of Hen1 present in bacterial and eukaryotic organisms.

References

Apr 25, 2000·Science·A D OmerP P Dennis
Oct 5, 2001·FEMS Microbiology Letters·R Meganathan
Dec 31, 2002·Current Opinion in Structural Biology·Jennifer L Martin, Fiona M McMillan
Jun 27, 2003·Trends in Biochemical Sciences·Heidi L SchubertXiaodong Cheng
Feb 12, 2005·Science·Bin YuXuemei Chen
Mar 27, 2007·Nature Structural & Molecular Biology·Yohei Kirino, Zissimos Mourelatos
Apr 30, 2009·Molecular Microbiology·Elzbieta PurtaStephen Douthwaite
Oct 10, 2009·Science·Chio Mui ChanRaven H Huang
Oct 14, 2009·Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·Chio Mui ChanRaven H Huang
Dec 17, 2009·BMC Bioinformatics·Christiam CamachoThomas L Madden
Jun 19, 2010·Science·Stefan L AmeresPhillip D Zamore
Sep 23, 2010·The EMBO Journal·Leonie M KammingaRené F Ketting
Dec 15, 2010·Bioinformatics·Michael E SmootTrey Ideker
Apr 3, 2012·Current Biology : CB·Guodong RenBin Yu

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Nov 14, 2012·Briefings in Functional Genomics·Nicolás G BolognaJavier F Palatnik
Feb 5, 2014·Biochemistry. Biokhimii︠a︡·S Boschi-Muller, Y Motorin
Apr 30, 2013·The Biochemical Journal·Alexandra PlotnikovaGiedrius Vilkaitis
Aug 19, 2016·Nucleic Acids Research·A Maxwell Burroughs, L Aravind
Oct 20, 2017·The New Phytologist·Yu YuXuemei Chen
Dec 21, 2018·Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Gene Regulatory Mechanisms·Lilia AyadiYuri Motorin
Oct 23, 2018·Biochemistry·Roopa ThaparJohn A Tainer

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.