Unique pumping-out fracturing mechanism of a polymer-shelled contrast agent: an acoustic characterization and optical visualization

IEEE Transactions on Ultrasonics, Ferroelectrics, and Frequency Control
Satya V V N KothapalliDmitry Grishenkov

Abstract

This work describes the fracturing mechanism of air-filled microbubbles (MBs) encapsulated by a cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) shell. The radial oscillation and fracturing events following the ultrasound exposure were visualized with an ultrahigh-speed camera, and backscattered timedomain signals were acquired with the acoustic setup specific for harmonic detection. No evidence of gas emerging from defects in the shell with the arrival of the first insonation burst was found. In optical recordings, more than one shell defect was noted, and the gas core was drained without any sign of air extrusion when several consecutive bursts of 1 MPa amplitude were applied. In acoustic tests, the backscattered peak-to-peak voltage gradually reached its maximum and exponentially decreased when the PVA-based MB suspension was exposed to approximately 20 consecutive bursts arriving at pulse repetition frequencies of 100 and 500 Hz. Taking into account that the PVA shell is porous and possibly contains large air pockets between the cross-linked PVA chains, the aforementioned acoustic behavior might be attributed to pumping gas from these pockets in combination with gas release from the core through shell defects. We refer to this fractu...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 21, 2017·Cellular and Molecular Bioengineering·Mona AhmedBjörn Gustafsson
Dec 3, 2016·The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America·Ganesh TamadapuAnders Eriksson
Nov 5, 2016·Physics in Medicine and Biology·Jason L RaymondChristy K Holland

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