Unleashing Natural Killer Cells in the Tumor Microenvironment-The Next Generation of Immunotherapy?

Frontiers in Immunology
Aviad Ben-ShmuelMira Barda-Saad

Abstract

The emergence of immunotherapy for cancer treatment bears considerable clinical promise. Nevertheless, many patients remain unresponsive, acquire resistance, or suffer dose-limiting toxicities. Immune-editing of tumors assists their escape from the immune system, and the tumor microenvironment (TME) induces immune suppression through multiple mechanisms. Immunotherapy aims to bolster the activity of immune cells against cancer by targeting these suppressive immunomodulatory processes. Natural Killer (NK) cells are a heterogeneous subset of immune cells, which express a diverse array of activating and inhibitory germline-encoded receptors, and are thus capable of directly targeting and killing cancer cells without the need for MHC specificity. Furthermore, they play a critical role in triggering the adaptive immune response. Enhancing the function of NK cells in the context of cancer is therefore a promising avenue for immunotherapy. Different NK-based therapies have been evaluated in clinical trials, and some have demonstrated clinical benefits, especially in the context of hematological malignancies. Solid tumors remain much more difficult to treat, and the time point and means of intervention of current NK-based treatments st...Continue Reading

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Citations

May 31, 2020·International Journal of Molecular Sciences·Gitte Holmen OlofssonPer Thor Straten
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Methods Mentioned

BETA
glycosylation
xenograft

Clinical Trials Mentioned

NCT02817633
NCT03680508
NCT03311412
NCT04047862
NCT03563716
NCT03628677
NCT03489369
NCT04080804
NCT03250832
NCT01968109

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