Unobtrusive Vital Sign Monitoring in Automotive Environments-A Review

Sensors
Steffen LeonhardtDaniel Teichmann

Abstract

This review provides an overview of unobtrusive monitoring techniques that could be used to monitor some of the human vital signs (i.e., heart activity, breathing activity, temperature and potentially oxygen saturation) in a car seat. It will be shown that many techniques actually measure mechanical displacement, either on the body surface and/or inside the body. However, there are also techniques like capacitive electrocardiogram or bioimpedance that reflect electrical activity or passive electrical properties or thermal properties (infrared thermography). In addition, photopleythysmographic methods depend on optical properties (like scattering and absorption) of biological tissues and-mainly-blood. As all unobtrusive sensing modalities are always fragile and at risk of being contaminated by disturbances (like motion, rapidly changing environmental conditions, triboelectricity), the scope of the paper includes a survey on redundant sensor arrangements. Finally, this review also provides an overview of automotive demonstrators for vital sign monitoring.

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Citations

Jan 2, 2020·Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing·Andreia Moço, Wim Verkruysse
May 31, 2020·Sensors·Wenjin WangAlbertus C den Brinker
May 7, 2020·Sensors·Chi-Chun ChenChang-Wei Hsieh
Apr 30, 2020·Sensors·Ju WangThomas M Deserno
Jan 14, 2021·Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express·Wenjin Wang, Caifeng Shan
Jan 9, 2021·Biomedical Engineering Online·Michael PaulSteffen Leonhardt
May 1, 2021·Sensors·Ramona S VulcanMarie Bruyneel
Jun 10, 2021·Pediatric Research·Sabrina C BehrKonrad Heimann
Jul 3, 2021·Nanomaterials·Ramachandran ChelliahDeog Hwan Oh
Aug 29, 2021·Sensors·Anaïs HalinMarc Van Droogenbroeck

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Methods Mentioned

BETA
PCA
microsensors

Software Mentioned

Volvo
Active
IPPG
PPGI
OpenCV
IMEC
EPIC

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