Unravelling the health effects of fasting: a long road from obesity treatment to healthy life span increase and improved cognition.

Annals of Medicine
Françoise Wilhelmi de ToledoMassimiliano Ruscica

Abstract

In recent years a revival of interest has emerged in the health benefits of intermittent fasting and long-term fasting, as well as of other related nutritional strategies. In addition to meal size and composition a new focus on time and frequency of meals has gained attention. The present review will investigate the effects of the main forms of fasting, activating the metabolic switch from glucose to fat and ketones (G-to-K), starting 12-16 h after cessation or strong reduction of food intake. During fasting the deactivation of mTOR regulated nutrient signalling pathways and activation of the AMP protein kinase trigger cell repair and inhibit anabolic processes. Clinical and animal studies have clearly indicated that modulating diet and meal frequency, as well as application of fasting patterns, e.g. intermittent fasting, periodic fasting, or long-term fasting are part of a new lifestyle approach leading to increased life and health span, enhanced intrinsic defences against oxidative and metabolic stresses, improved cognition, as well as a decrease in cardiovascular risk in both obese and non-obese subjects. Finally, in order to better understand the mechanisms beyond fasting-related changes, human studies as well as non-human ...Continue Reading

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Citations

Nov 24, 2020·Journal of the American Heart Association·Franziska GrundlerFrançoise Wilhelmi de Toledo
Jan 22, 2021·Expert Opinion on Drug Discovery·Joshua R BartonScott A Waldman
Aug 29, 2020·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Franziska GrundlerFrançoise Wilhelmi de Toledo
Dec 9, 2020·Matrix Biology : Journal of the International Society for Matrix Biology·Irmgard Tegeder, Donat Kögel
Apr 12, 2021·Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association·Stylianos RavanidisEpaminondas Doxakis
May 9, 2021·European Journal of Nutrition·Franziska GrundlerFrançoise Wilhelmi de Toledo
Oct 16, 2021·Frontiers in Nutrition·Franziska GrundlerFrançoise Wilhelmi de Toledo

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