Unusual embryo structure in viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, with remarks on embryo evolution in genus Utricularia.

Protoplasma
B J Płachno, Piotr Swiatek

Abstract

In most species of the Genlisea-Utricularia sister lineage, the organs arising directly after germination comprise a single leaf-like structure, followed by a bladder-trap/stolon, with the lack of an embryonic primary root considered a synapomorphic character. Previous anatomical work suggests that the most common recent ancestor of Utricularia possessed an embryo comprising storage tissue and a meristematic apical region minus lateral organs. Studies of embryogenesis across the Utricularia lineage suggest that multiple primary organs have only evolved in the viviparous Utricularia nelumbifolia, Utricularia reniformis, and Utricularia humboldtii within the derived Iperua/Orchidioides clade. All three of these species are specialized for growth as "aquatic epiphytes" in the tanks of bromeliads, with recent phylogenetic evidence suggesting the possibility that multiple primary organs may have evolved twice independently within this clade. The primary organs of viviparous Utricularia also possess epidermal surface glands, and our study suggests that these may function as root hairs for uptake of solutes from the external environment--a possible adaptation for the "aquatic-epiphytic" habitat.

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Citations

Nov 13, 2012·Zoomorphology·Karina WieczorekPiotr Swiątek
Sep 30, 2010·Protoplasma·Bartosz Jan PłachnoMałgorzata Kozieradzka-Kiszkurno
Sep 25, 2012·Protoplasma·K MusiałJ Marciniuk
Mar 7, 2014·Planta·Joanna AugustynowiczDariusz Węgrzynek
Apr 29, 2014·Protoplasma·Bartosz J PłachnoIwona Kamińska
May 15, 2013·Nature·Enrique Ibarra-LacletteLuis Herrera-Estrella
Dec 2, 2011·Zoomorphology·Karina WieczorekPiotr Swiątek

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