Unusual sources of Sn in GSR. An experimental study by SEM and IBA

Science & Justice : Journal of the Forensic Science Society
F S RomoloMatteo Donghi

Abstract

Gunshot Residue (GSR) produced by the discharge of a firearm often provides very useful information in criminal investigations in cases involving the use of firearms. Scanning Electron Microscopy equipped with an Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometer (SEM-EDS) is typically used worldwide to visualize micrometric particles constituting GSR and to analyse their elemental composition. The 2017 ASTM Standard guide for gunshot residue analysis by scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy specifies that "Particles classified as characteristic of GSR will have one of the following elemental compositions: Lead, antimony, barium; Lead, barium, calcium, silicon, tin". For the first time, the presence of an additional element, such as Sn, plays a key role in ASTM particle classification. It is known that some ammunitions, used for pistols, revolvers and rifles, contain tin foil discs for sealing the primer mixture into the cup, resulting in GSR particles containing Sn. The authors faced some cases in which Sn was unexpectedly found in GSR particles from a 0.22 Long Rifle derringer and from some 12 gauge shotguns. No tin foil discs are used in rimfire ammunitions and there is no published evidence of tin foil discs i...Continue Reading

Citations

Jun 19, 2019·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Matteo DonghiFrancesco Saverio Romolo
Nov 24, 2020·Journal of Forensic Sciences·Bryan R BurnettClaudio Gentile
May 8, 2021·Microscopy and Microanalysis : the Official Journal of Microscopy Society of America, Microbeam Analysis Society, Microscopical Society of Canada·Felice NunziataMatteo Donghi
Jun 24, 2021·Analytical Methods : Advancing Methods and Applications·William FeeneyTatiana Trejos

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