Update on Immunodeficiency-Associated Vaccine-Derived Polioviruses - Worldwide, July 2018-December 2019

MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report
Grace MacklinOndrej Mach

Abstract

Since establishment of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative* in 1988, polio cases have declined >99.9% worldwide; extensive use of live, attenuated oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) in routine childhood immunization programs and mass campaigns has led to eradication of two of the three wild poliovirus (WPV) serotypes (types 2 and 3) (1). Despite its safety record, OPV can lead to rare emergence of vaccine-derived polioviruses (VDPVs) when there is prolonged circulation or replication of the vaccine virus. In areas with inadequate OPV coverage, circulating VDPVs (cVDPVs) that have reverted to neurovirulence can cause outbreaks of paralytic polio (2). Immunodeficiency-associated VDPVs (iVDPVs) are isolated from persons with primary immunodeficiency (PID). Infection with iVDPV can progress to paralysis or death of patients with PID, and excretion risks seeding cVDPV outbreaks; both risks might be reduced through antiviral treatment, which is currently under development. This report updates previous reports and includes details of iVDPV cases detected during July 2018-December 2019 (3). During this time, 16 new iVDPV cases were reported from five countries (Argentina, Egypt, Iran, Philippines, and Tunisia). Alongside acute flaccid p...Continue Reading

References

Sep 9, 2016·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Lee M HamptonUNKNOWN Immunization Systems Management Group of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative
Oct 26, 2018·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Jaume JorbaCara C Burns
Mar 10, 2020·The Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal·Julie CopelynBrian Eley
Apr 24, 2020·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Mary M AllemanCara C Burns
May 22, 2020·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Jacquelyn S LicknessAbhijeet Anand
Jun 26, 2020·MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report·Anna N ChardMichel Zaffran

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Citations

Jun 10, 2021·Current Opinion in Immunology·Florian GotheSophie Hambleton

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