Uphill diffusion in multicomponent mixtures

Chemical Society Reviews
Rajamani Krishna

Abstract

Molecular diffusion is an omnipresent phenomena that is important in a wide variety of contexts in chemical, physical, and biological processes. In the majority of cases, the diffusion process can be adequately described by Fick's law that postulates a linear relationship between the flux of any species and its own concentration gradient. Most commonly, a component diffuses down the concentration gradient. The major objective of this review is to highlight a very wide variety of situations that cause the uphill transport of one constituent in the mixture. Uphill diffusion may occur in multicomponent mixtures in which the diffusion flux of any species is strongly coupled to that of its partner species. Such coupling effects often arise from strong thermodynamic non-idealities. For a quantitative description we need to use chemical potential gradients as driving forces. The transport of ionic species in aqueous solutions is coupled with its partner ions because of the electro-neutrality constraints; such constraints may accelerate or decelerate a specific ion. When uphill diffusion occurs, we observe transient overshoots during equilibration; the equilibration process follows serpentine trajectories in composition space. For mixt...Continue Reading

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Citations

Oct 1, 2015·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Rajamani Krishna
Jul 17, 2015·Nature Communications·Alexander LauererJörg Kärger
May 28, 2016·Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics : PCCP·Rajamani Krishna
Aug 11, 2016·Langmuir : the ACS Journal of Surfaces and Colloids·Antonio RaudinoMario Corti
Jan 20, 2018·Physical Review. E·Emilio N M Cirillo, Matteo Colangeli
Aug 17, 2018·The Journal of Chemical Physics·Gabriela Guevara-CarrionJadran Vrabec
Oct 3, 2019·Physical Review. E·Lucien VienneFrancesco Grasso
May 20, 2018·Physical Review. E·Matteo ColangeliCecilia Vernia
Apr 17, 2021·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. a·Stephen IngramJonathan P Reid
Jun 12, 2021·Scientific Reports·Gabriela Guevara-CarrionJadran Vrabec
Mar 25, 2020·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Gabriela Guevara-CarrionJadran Vrabec
Aug 24, 2018·The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B·Y Mauricio Muñoz-MuñozJadran Vrabec

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