Upper body training and the triceps brachii muscle of elite cross country skiers

Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports
G TerzisH-C Holmberg

Abstract

This study aimed at evaluating whether addition of extensive upper body training in well-trained cross country skiers induces an adaptation of the triceps brachii (TB) muscle and whether this affects performance. Muscle biopsies were obtained from TB muscle in six male elite cross country skiers before and after 20 weeks of increased upper body training. The cross-sectional area of type I and IIA fibers increased by 11.3% and 24.0%, respectively, and so did the number of capillaries per fiber (2.3-3.2) (all P<0.05). SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis revealed in single fibers that the number of fibers expressing myosin heavy chain (MHC) type I isoform decreased from 68.7% to 60.9% (P<0.05), MHC I/IIA isoform was unaltered, while MHC IIA fibers increased from 21.6% to 35.7% and the 4.8% MHC IIA/IIX disappeared with the training (both P<0.05). Citrate synthase and 3-hydroxyacyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase activities increased by 23.3% and 15.4%, respectively, and double poling 10 km time-trial by 10.4% (all P<0.05). The values for TB are similar to what has been demonstrated for leg muscles after exercise training. The subjects who demonstrated the largest improvement in performance exhibited the largest muscle adaptation, which, in...Continue Reading

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Citations

Jul 13, 2011·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Oyvind SandbakkHans-Christer Holmberg
Apr 15, 2010·Journal of Sports Sciences·Thomas StogglHans-Christer Holmberg
Oct 30, 2012·Fiziologiia cheloveka·D V Popov, O L Vinogradova
Mar 11, 2010·Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise·Glen BjörklundHans-Christer Holmberg
Feb 9, 2010·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·T LosnegardT Raastad
Jul 16, 2009·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·J Sanchís-MoysiJ A L Calbet
Nov 22, 2015·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·H-C Holmberg
Oct 10, 2013·Evolution; International Journal of Organic Evolution·Zachary A ChevironJay F Storz
Jun 1, 2018·International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance·Iñigo MujikaDamian Farrow
Mar 29, 2014·British Journal of Sports Medicine·Jaime Fernandez-FernandezAlexander Ferrauti
Jul 13, 2020·Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports·Tue RømerJørn Wulff Helge
May 12, 2019·European Journal of Applied Physiology·Thomas Losnegard
Oct 16, 2010·Journal of Applied Physiology·Jens Bojsen-MøllerJostein Hallén
Mar 19, 2019·European Journal of Sport Science·Adam BeardGrégoire P Millet

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