Upregulation of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 expression by HIV-1 in vitro.

Journal of Medical Virology
Upal RoyMark A Beilke

Abstract

Co-infections with HIV-1 and the human T leukemia virus types 1 and 2 (HTLV-1, HTLV-2) occur frequently, particularly in large metropolitan areas where injection drug use is a shared mode of transmission. Recent evidence suggests that HIV-HTLV co-infections are associated with upregulated HTLV-1/2 virus expression and disease. An in vitro model of HIV-1 and HTLV-1/2 co-infection was utilized to determine if cell free HIV-1 virions or recombinant HIV-1 Tat protein (200-1,000 ng/ml) upregulated HTLV-1/2 expression and infectivity. Exposure to HIV-1 increased the number of HTLV-1 antigen expressing cells, from 6% at baseline to 12% at 24 hr, and 20% at 120 hr (P < 0.05) post-exposure. A similar, although less robust response was observed in HTLV-2 infected cells. HIV-1 co-localized almost exclusively with HTLV-1/2 positive cells. Exposure to HIV-1 Tat protein (1,000 ng/ml) increased HTLV-1 p19 expression almost twofold by 48 hr, and cells co-stimulated with 10 nM phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) showed almost a fourfold increase over baseline. It is concluded that HIV-1 augments HTLV-1/2 infectivity in vitro. The findings also suggest a role for the HIV-1 Tat protein and PMA-inducible cellular factors, in HIV-1 induced HTLV-1/2 ant...Continue Reading

References

Nov 1, 1992·Journal of Virological Methods·M A Beilke
Jan 1, 1995·American Journal of Ophthalmology·M A Beilke
Oct 1, 1994·Journal of Medical Virology·M A BeilkeP J Didier
Aug 1, 1996·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·J P NadlerE Godofsky
Jan 1, 1997·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·R BessingerO F Tabak
Jul 1, 1997·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·J P FigueroaR Hayes
Apr 30, 1998·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes and Human Retrovirology : Official Publication of the International Retrovirology Association·M A BeilkeD G Vinson
Aug 10, 2000·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·A Machuca, V Soriano
Jul 19, 2003·The Journal of Infectious Diseases·Shawn A HillDavid Derse
Dec 4, 2003·The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology·Ezra AksoyFabienne Willems
Feb 27, 2004·European Journal of Clinical Investigation·M C D G HuigenH S L M Nottet
Aug 13, 2004·Clinical Infectious Diseases : an Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America·Mark A BeilkePatricia J Kissinger
Dec 13, 2005·Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes : JAIDS·Marco TurciUmberto Bertazzoni
Jun 5, 2007·Pharmacological Research : the Official Journal of the Italian Pharmacological Society·Keitaro Hayashi, Amnon Altman

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Citations

Sep 20, 2011·Cytokine & Growth Factor Reviews·Stéphanie OlièreJohn Hiscott

❮ Previous
Next ❯

Related Concepts

Trending Feeds

COVID-19

Coronaviruses encompass a large family of viruses that cause the common cold as well as more serious diseases, such as the ongoing outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19; formally known as 2019-nCoV). Coronaviruses can spread from animals to humans; symptoms include fever, cough, shortness of breath, and breathing difficulties; in more severe cases, infection can lead to death. This feed covers recent research on COVID-19.

Blastomycosis

Blastomycosis fungal infections spread through inhaling Blastomyces dermatitidis spores. Discover the latest research on blastomycosis fungal infections here.

Nuclear Pore Complex in ALS/FTD

Alterations in nucleocytoplasmic transport, controlled by the nuclear pore complex, may be involved in the pathomechanism underlying multiple neurodegenerative diseases including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis and Frontotemporal Dementia. Here is the latest research on the nuclear pore complex in ALS and FTD.

Applications of Molecular Barcoding

The concept of molecular barcoding is that each original DNA or RNA molecule is attached to a unique sequence barcode. Sequence reads having different barcodes represent different original molecules, while sequence reads having the same barcode are results of PCR duplication from one original molecule. Discover the latest research on molecular barcoding here.

Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

Chronic fatigue syndrome is a disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue; the pathology of which is incompletely understood. Discover the latest research on chronic fatigue syndrome here.

Evolution of Pluripotency

Pluripotency refers to the ability of a cell to develop into three primary germ cell layers of the embryo. This feed focuses on the mechanisms that underlie the evolution of pluripotency. Here is the latest research.

Position Effect Variegation

Position Effect Variagation occurs when a gene is inactivated due to its positioning near heterochromatic regions within a chromosome. Discover the latest research on Position Effect Variagation here.

STING Receptor Agonists

Stimulator of IFN genes (STING) are a group of transmembrane proteins that are involved in the induction of type I interferon that is important in the innate immune response. The stimulation of STING has been an active area of research in the treatment of cancer and infectious diseases. Here is the latest research on STING receptor agonists.

Microbicide

Microbicides are products that can be applied to vaginal or rectal mucosal surfaces with the goal of preventing, or at least significantly reducing, the transmission of sexually transmitted infections. Here is the latest research on microbicides.