Uranyl nitrate-exposed rat alveolar macrophages cell death: influence of superoxide anion and TNF α mediators

Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
N S Orona, Deborah R Tasat

Abstract

Uranium compounds are widely used in the nuclear fuel cycle, military and many other diverse industrial processes. Health risks associated with uranium exposure include nephrotoxicity, cancer, respiratory, and immune disorders. Macrophages present in body tissues are the main cell type involved in the internalization of uranium particles. To better understand the pathological effects associated with depleted uranium (DU) inhalation, we examined the metabolic activity, phagocytosis, genotoxicity and inflammation on DU-exposed rat alveolar macrophages (12.5-200 μM). Stability and dissolution of DU could differ depending on the dissolvent and in turn alter its biological action. We dissolved DU in sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO₃ 100 mM) and in what we consider a more physiological vehicle resembling human internal media: sodium chloride (NaCl 0.9%). We demonstrate that uranyl nitrate in NaCl solubilizes, enters the cell, and elicits its cytotoxic effect similarly to when it is diluted in NaHCO₃. We show that irrespective of the dissolvent employed, uranyl nitrate impairs cell metabolism, and at low doses induces both phagocytosis and generation of superoxide anion (O₂⁻). At high doses it provokes the secretion of TNFα and through all t...Continue Reading

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Citations

Apr 12, 2014·Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology·Béatrice GagnaireWilfried Sanchez
Aug 7, 2020·Journal of Environmental Radioactivity·Yonghong RanYuhui Hao
Feb 19, 2019·Environmental Science & Technology Letters·Eshani HettiarachchiGayan Rubasinghege

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