PMID: 11639474Dec 1, 1994Paper

Urban infant mortality in Imperial Germany

Social History of Medicine : the Journal of the Society for the Social History of Medicine
Jörg Vögele

Abstract

Infant mortality in Imperial Germany started to decline in urban areas from the 1870s onwards, whereas national rates did not decrease before the beginning of the twentieth century. Therefore, key explanatory factors determining the levels and trends of infant mortality are investigated in an urban context. These include the decline of birth rates, the legitimacy status of infants, feeding practices, environmental conditions, and economic growth. Through a rising living standard and by creating a health-preserving environment, urban populations lost their traditional disadvantage in survival chances. This went so far that even high risk factors, such as the abandonment of breastfeeding, could be counterbalanced. In this sense, a study of past urban health conditions functions as a paradigm for the situation in industrialized societies.

Citations

Dec 2, 2000·International Journal of Epidemiology·J H Wolleswinkel-van den BoschJ P Mackenbach
Mar 12, 2005·Annual Review of Public Health·Sandro Galea, David Vlahov
Feb 18, 2010·Explorations in Economic History·Louis Cain, Sok Chul Hong
May 4, 2005·Cadernos de saúde pública·David VlahovNicholas Freudenberg
Jun 15, 2007·American Journal of Physical Anthropology·Mary E Lewis, Rebecca Gowland
Nov 26, 2004·Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges·David VlahovSandro Galea
Jun 20, 2021·International Journal of Paleopathology·Romola J Davenport

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